116 VETERINARY HYGIENE 



in a note-book, systematically and under proper headings, the condi- 

 tion of all parts of the building, noting particularly those parts 

 which require repair, and the details of construction in building 

 which are to be altered. A carefully-made survey is always worth 

 the time spent upon it. 



See figure 47, which is a reproduction of a simple survey em- 

 bodying all the points referred to. 



CHOICE OF SITES. 



Farm Building Sites. In the selection of a site for a new farm 

 steading, the following considerations must be kept in view : 



(1) The avoidance of clay topsoil. The best type of soil is that 



composed of gravel, sand or chalk. 



(2) The proximity of good roads is essential. 



(3) A plentiful and clean water supply is indispensable. 



(4) Facilities for easy and economical drainage. 



(5) Shelter from prevailing winds, particularly northerly and 



easterly (cold) winds. 



Any difficulty experienced in selecting a sheltered site is some- 

 times to be overcome by erecting barns, granaries and such-like 

 buildings to the windward side, but not contiguous with the animal 

 houses. 



Sites for Tozvn Buildings. In cities the choice of site is usually 

 very limited, but the greatest care should be taken in the selection 

 of a suitable site for cow byres or stables. 



The following conditions should be avoided : 



(1) Low-lying and damp land, such as riverside, reclaimed, or 



made-up ground. 



(2) Sites adjoining canals. 



(3) Congested sites or those surrounded by highly-built areas. 



(4) Sites in districts containing objectionable industries such 



as chemical works, tallow and manure factories and 

 gasworks. 



ARRANGEMENT OF FARM BUILDINGS ON THE SITE. 



In nearly all cases the arrangement of the various buildings 

 which comprise a farm steading will in the first instances be ruled 

 by (a) the proximity of roads; and (&) the configuration of the 

 ground. 



The rules for planning may be briefly stated as follows : 

 (1) The farm buildings should be kept well away from the 

 farmhouse and workers' cottages, but consideration 



