BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 



137 



on the surface than stone and lending itself to neat finish at door and 

 window openings. Brick walls are built thinner than those of stone. 

 The minimum thickness of a stone 

 wall is about 20 inches, it being im- 

 possible to build thinner with satis- 

 factory or economical results. With 

 stone walling hewn stone finishings 

 are necessary at doors, windows and 

 corners which consequently increase 

 the cost. Where stone is locally 

 available and expense is not a con- 

 sideration stone walls have much to 

 commend them. 



CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK WALLS. 

 As explained in the section on 

 Building Materials, the standard 

 brick is about 9 inches long by 4 inches wide. These sizes deter- 

 mine the thickness of brick walling, which is usually designated as 

 4$, 9, 14 and 18 inches thick work, and so on. For most walls in 

 animal buildings a thickness of 9 or 14 inches is sufficient. The 

 bricks must be damp before use, and laid with the proper bond. 

 This refers to the recognised arrangement and overlap of one brick 



FIG. 50. A 14 inch thick brick 

 wall in Flemish bond show- 

 ing door check and bullnose 

 corner. 



FIG. 51. A 14 inch thick wall in English bond showing a bullnose 

 corner, a drain outlet, a door guide and a sliding door. 



with another, so that the work may be consistently and uniformly 

 tied together and that vertical joints are not contiguous, thereby 

 giving the requisite and traditional bond. There are several forms 

 of bond in common use, viz., English, Flemish and Garden Bond. 

 To understand a system of bonding the following terms must first 

 be understood : 



