156 



VETERINARY HYGIENE 



Objection has been made that they are too small for use in 

 commercial and farm stables. This is, however, no valid excuse for 

 their rejection, as manufacturers make them of any sizes. Satis- 

 factory inside dimensions are 30 inches long by 14 inches wide by 

 12 inches deep, narrowing towards the bottom. A roller-bar fixed 

 across the manger a few inches from each end effectually prevents 

 horses from tossing the food out in the search for grain. An over- 

 hanging lip which is sometimes recommended to prevent the tossing 

 out of fodder is undesirable, as it interferes with the cleaning of 

 the manger, and is quite unnecessary if the bars are used and the 

 manger sufficiently deep. 



If the top of the manger is placed 3 feet from the ground it 



FIG. 64. View of a stall with cast-iron manger fittings. A. 

 Enclosed head-rope guide. B. Water pot close to 

 manger, which is a bad feature. C. An overhead hay- 

 rack which always should be condemned. 



will be found a convenient height for the average horse, high 

 enough to prevent a horse getting his feet into it, unless under 

 extraordinary circumstances, and low enough to feed from it with 

 comfort, while 3 feet 6 inches or more is required for Shire horses. 

 The under portion should slope away from the top to reduce as 

 much as possible the risk of bumped knees. The boarding in of 

 part of the space under the manger, as shown in figure 63, is 

 not to be recommended. Although it may offer some protection 

 against bumped knees, it harbours dirt and provides lodgment 

 for vermin. The front of the manger, if broad and rounded off, 

 reduces the chances of crib-biting. The inside of the pan should 

 have the corners and angles rounded, so that it may be the more 

 easily cleaned. 



Some iron mangers are finished inside with porcelain enamel. 

 This is not necessary if the iron has a smooth finish. Enamel 



