242 VETERINARY HYGIENE 



all breeding stock when the disease has been found in the herd. 

 Reactors should be slaughtered. The stock should be reduced as 

 much as possible so as to leave a number of empty pens which can 

 then be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected and used to hold fresh, 

 clean animals. Only milk which has been previously well boiled, 

 or at least heated to 85 C for a time, should be fed to pigs. 

 Slaughter-house offals must be thoroughly cooked before being fed. 



EQUINE TUBERCULOSIS. 



The horse is not frequently affected with tuberculosis but it is 

 not so uncommon as was at one time supposed. M'Fadyean* in 

 1888 described what he believed to be the first recorded case in 

 Great Britain, though the disease had been previously encountered 

 on the continent. Two cases only of natural tubercular infection 

 in the horse due to the avian type have been described, the first in 

 1891 by Nocard, and the second recently (1918) by M'Fadyean. f 



According to Wallis-Hoare and Lloyd the disease is less 

 frequent among aged horses than among the young, and it is said 

 to be less common amongst highly-bred animals than among cart- 

 horses and harness horses. 



Horses become affected from drinking milk from tubercular 

 cows, as when they are hand-reared owing to the death of the dam. 

 This is probably the chief source of infection, but it is also more 

 than possible that broken fodder, water in troughs and ponds and 

 the like, contaminated by diseased cattle may be the means of con- 

 veying the contagium by ingestion. 



PREVENTIVE MEASURES. If the foal has to be raised on cows' 

 milk, this should be boiled. Possible infection from cattle can only 

 be eliminated, of course, by eradicating the disease from the herd 

 of cattle. 



AVIAN TUBERCULOSIS. 



Poultry keepers sometimes suffer heavy losses from avian tuber- 

 culosis. The disease runs rapidly through a poultry farm, the birds 

 being ground feeders and the excrement of diseased subjects being 

 extremely virulent. Poultry have also become infected by owners 

 carelessly allowing them access to the carcases of diseased birds. 

 Wild birds in captivity are also liable to suffer from avian tuber- 

 culosis, e.g., parrots. Though the latter can be infected with avian 



* Journ. Comp. Path., 1888, Vol. I, p. 51. 

 t Journ. Comp. Path., 1918, Vol. XXXI., p. 225. ' 



