244 VETERINARY HYGIENE 



resistant to infection by ingestion, and many attempts at trans- 

 mission by the Royal Commission were negative. 



Schornagel* examined 11 cases of tuberculosis in dogs; from 4 

 of these he isolated bacilli of the human type, from 2 the bovine 

 type, the other cases being either doubtful or no cultures being 

 obtained. 



PREVENTIVE MEASURES. Intimately associated as the disease 

 is between human beings and dogs and cats, preventive measures 

 must be reciprocal. Phthisical patients should follow the dictates 

 of hygiene and see that their sputum and discharges are destroyed. 

 The fulsome intimacy too frequently observed between human 

 beings, especially women, and their canine and feline pets should be 

 discouraged by medical and veterinary practitioners. If suspicion 

 arises that a cat or a dog is tubercular the tuberculin test should be 

 applied. All known or even strongly suspected cases ought to 

 be destroyed at once. Kennels, cages, feeding utensils, &c., must 

 be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected. Rugs, coats and such like 

 gear should be destroyed. 



JOHNE'S DISEASE. 



Johne's disease, or chronic bovine pseudotuberculous enteritis, 

 caused by a specific micro-organism resembling in some respects 

 the tubercle bacillus, is characterised in its later stages by a profuse 

 diarrhoea and wasting. 



The first case was described by Johne and Frothingham in 1895, 

 and since that date the disease has been found to exist in many 

 other European countries. M'Fadyeanf was the first to draw 

 attention to it in this country in 1907, and since then it has been 

 discovered to be very widespread. Twort and Ingram $ in 1910 

 were the first to grow the organism on certain special artificial 

 culture media, and their results were confirmed later by Holth in 

 Denmark and by M'Fadyean, Sheather and Edwards in this 

 country. 



Cattle are principally affected, though the disease also exists to 

 a lesser extent amongst sheep and goats, and there is evidence that 

 the disease may exist in the two latter species independently of 

 cattle. Stockman first described the disease in sheep in a flock 



* Journ. Comp. Path., 1907, Vol. XXVII., p. 88, Abs. 

 f Journ. Comp. Path., 1907, Vol. XX., p. 48. 



J Monograph on Johne's Disease, 1913. 

 Journ. Comp. Path., 1911, Vol. XXIV., p. 66. 



