298 VETERINARY HYGIENE 



the mortality is about 4 per cent., while the mortality among such 

 untreated is about 80 per cent. According to Lenz, protection is 

 complete only on the fourteenth day after treatment ends. 



Since 1885 several modifications of the original Pasteurian 

 method have been introduced. Fermi* states that immediate 

 immunity and better results are obtained by his mixed method. 

 His vaccine consists of a 5 per cent, emulsion of potent fixed virus 

 plus 1 per cent, phenol, using brain (more active than cord) of 

 rabbit or dog. To 2 parts of this he adds 1 part of hyperimmune 

 serum prepared by injection of this vaccine into horses. Treat- 

 ment with this serovaccine is given for 5 to 10 days, followed 

 by vaccine alone up to the twenty-fifth day. 



It has also been shown to be possible in the case of the domestic- 

 ated animals to take advantage of the lengthy period of incubation 

 for the purpose of conferring immunity; thus Galtier produced 

 immunity in sheep and goats by injecting saliva or emulsion of 

 medulla from rabid dogs intravenously. Attempts have been 

 made to produce an anti-rabies serum by gradually immunising 

 horses against the disease. Pfeiler states that he has obtained good 

 results by intraspinal injections of such sera, though up to the 

 present the method has not been practised to any great extent. 



The freedom of these islands from the disease from 1903 to 

 1918 is ascribable to the regulations of the Board of Agriculture, 

 the chief of which is that dogs admitted to this country must be 

 kept in quarantine on properly appointed premises for a period 

 of six months. Had it not been for the war there is little doubt 

 but that the outbreaks during 1918 and 1919 would not have 

 occurred. 



As soon as cases of rabies are reported and confirmed, infected 

 areas are declared within which all dogs must be effectively muzzled. 

 The extent of the area will depend upon circumstances, but it 

 would in any case be wide owing to the marked tendency of rabid 

 dogs to stray. It is very important that all stray and ownerless 

 dogs should be captured and destroyed, as experience in the past 

 has shown that the disease is largely spread through the agency 

 of such. The regulations would remain in force for a year or so 

 after the last case. 



CANINE DISTEMPER 



Canine distemper is a highly contagious epizootic disease of 

 the candidse, of which the most characteristic symptoms are fever 

 * Trop. Vet. Bull, 1917, Vol. V., p. 195. 



