338 VETERINARY HYGIENE 



fuges to animals harbouring the adult worms, followed by destruc- 

 tion of their excreta. 



CCENUROSIS. 



The ccenurus cyst differs from the cysticercus in that the 

 single cyst cavity contains several heads, each of which, if 

 conditions are suitable, may develop into an adult worm. It 

 follows that the ingestion of one complete cyst may give rise to 

 many tapeworms. 



C. cerebralis. Of chief importance and most common in the 

 sheep it is also found in the ox and goat, and has been recorded 

 in the horse. It has a marked predilection for the cranial cavity, 

 but Fillers says that it has also been found in the vertebral canal. 

 The cysts located in the cranial cavity cause the well-known train 

 of symptoms referred to as " sturdy " or " gid." The disease is 

 of considerable economic importance and is especially prevalent in 

 certain districts, others being comparatively free from it. A wet 

 spring seems to favour its occurrence. The adult tapeworm is 

 the T. coenurus of the dog. 



C. serialis. This, the cystic stage of T. serialis of the dog, is 

 extremely common in Great Britain, and especially in some seasons. 

 The rabbit is chiefly affected, and in this animal it is found in the 

 subcutaneous tissues and between the muscles. 



ECHINOCOCCOSIS. 



Echinococcus polymorphus (E. veterinorum) is found in the ox, 

 sheep, horse, pig and man, but chiefly in cattle and pigs. The adult 

 tapeworm, T. echinococcus, inhabits the intestine of the dog. Cysts 

 may be found in almost any tissues of the host, but the liver is the 

 commonest site. Preventive measures are as before indicated. 

 Dogs should not be fed on " trimmings " unless it is certain that 

 they are free from cysts. 



TAPEWORMS. 



Tapeworms infect all the domestic mammals and birds, with 

 the exception of the pig. They are of least consequence in the 

 horse and ox, and produce the greatest losses among lambs. 



Monieza expansa. This is the tapeworm which is occasionally 

 the cause of great losses among lambs. It is also found in the ox 

 and goat, but with them it is not of so much importance. Lambs 



