118 AGENTS WHICH KILL OR EXPEL WORMS 



and vermifuges, such as purgatives, which, without neces- 

 sarily killing, detach them from the walls of the canal, and 

 wash them away with the mucus in which they are usually 

 imbedded. 



The parasites most frequently infesting the alimentary 

 canal are bots, the larvae of the Gastrophilus equi, found in 

 the stomach of the horse ; various tape-worms and round 

 worms, occurring in the intestines and stomach of most 

 animals ; and flukes, which invade the liver, bile-ducts, and 

 intestines of sheep, and occasionally of cattle and deer. 



The appropriate vermicides are 



1. For bots, green food, a combination of aloes, asafcetida, 

 turpentine, and ether ; iodine tincture, or carbon bisulphide. 



2. For tape-worms, areca nut, male fern, kamala, kousso, 

 pomegranate root bark, turpentine, and chloroform. 



3. For asearides, popularly known as round worms, the 

 remedies used are tsenicides, with santonin, oil of cheno- 

 podium, bitters, arsenic, lysol, and creolin. 



4. For strongyli or thread- worms, turpentine and essential 

 oils, thymol, tannin, and tannin-containing substances, lysol, 

 carbolic acid, naphthol, turpentine oil, with enemata of 

 common salt, ferric-chloride solution, or lime water. 



5. For flukes infesting the liver and bile-ducts of sheep, 

 and sometimes of cattle and other animals, the treatment 

 consists in maintaining the patient's strength by good feed- 

 ing ; furnishing common salt and soluble iron salts, which 

 exert general tonic effects and limited vermicidal action, and 

 giving a dose of physic, which hastens the removal of flukes 

 which have migrated into the intestines. Prevention is 

 ensured by keeping the flock on sound pastures, free from 

 the developmental forms of the parasite. 



Bots in horses complete their larval stage in spring, and 

 their discharge is then readily promoted by the laxative 

 fresh grass. During autumn or winter they are dislodged 

 with difficulty, and unless numerous, and causing much 

 irritation, their removal is seldom attempted ; but animals 

 seriously infested with them require liberal feeding. A 

 considerable number of the larvse maybe dislodged by giving, 

 after twelve hours' fast, two drachms each of aloes and 

 asafoetida, dissolved in hot water, to which is added, when 



