BOTS AND TAPE-WORMS 119 



cold, half an ounce each of oil of turpentine and ether. The 

 mixture is administered in gruel or linseed tea, and repeated 

 on several consecutive days. Carbon bisulphide, in half- 

 ounce doses, given for several days before feeding, and 

 followed by a purgative, causes discharge of the dead bots ; 

 and one ounce of tincture of iodine diluted with two ounces 

 each of glycerin and water kills bots lodged in the stomach. 

 Tape-worms of the three species infesting horses are 

 usually expelled by aloes, turpentine, and oil. Friedberger 

 and Frohner place first on their list of tsenicides three to five 

 drachms of male fern extract. Gamgee recommended two 

 drachms of asafcetida, a drachm each of powdered savin and 

 calomel, with thirty drops of male fern extract, made up 

 with treacle and Unseed meal, given at night, and followed 

 by a purge next morning. Whatever remedies are used, it is 

 essential that the bowels be emptied as thoroughly as possible 

 by twelve to fifteen hours' fasting, or by a gentle aperient, in 

 order that the vermicide shall be brought into contact with 

 the head of the worm. 



Dogs in some localities, in the proportion of fifty to every 

 hundred, are infested with tape-worms. The most effectual 

 remedy is powdered areca nut, the dose being two grains per 

 pound of body weight. Amongst other remedies are male 

 fern extract, now reputed the most certain remedy for tape- 

 worm in man ; aloes, pomegranate root bark, or kousso, 

 followed by a purge ; the American remedy, emulsion of 

 pumpkin seed ; tenaline, a registered preparation of areca 

 nut ; and kamala, obtained from a Euphorbiaceous plant, is 

 effectually used in India. A drachm of turpentine in two 

 ounces of castor or linseed oil is frequently used. 



Sheep, and especially lambs, are frequently infested with 

 tapeworms, which grow very rapidly, and sometimes do 

 widespread mischief. Areca nut, or extract of male fern, 

 in the dose suitable for large dogs, is most effectual. Poultry 

 harbour various species, for which areca nut followed by a 

 laxative is the best remedy. 



Ascarides are more readily removed than tape- worms. 

 British practitioners usually treat the Ascaris equorum with 

 drenches containing one to two drachms of aloes, and half a 

 drachm each of chloroform and turpentine, given fasting on 



