120 VERMICIDES 



two consecutive mornings, and repeating the treatment a 

 week later. German authorities recommend three or four 

 doses of one drachm of tartar emetic, conjoined with bitters, 

 at intervals of three hours, or a drench of arsenic, aloes, or 

 absinthe, thrice daily, either prescription being followed by 

 an aloe tic purge. 



The Oxyuris curvula, met with in the colon and rectum 

 of the horse, is removed by similar prescriptions, and when 

 confined to the rectum is still more readily dislodged by 

 enemata of quassia decoction or other bitters, creolin solu- 

 tion, lime water, or solution of common salt. 



The Ascaris marginata, the most common lumbricoid of 

 dogs, is killed by three to five grains of santonin, the active 

 crystalline principle of artemisia or wormwood. This agent 

 is, however, dangerous in young animals, and it should be 

 prescribed with great care. Turpentine and oil, gentian 

 and other bitters, oil of chenopodium, and various other 

 medicines also remove round worms. The effect of vermi- 

 cides, as already indicated, is greatly increased by first 

 emptying the intestine by fasting, or by a purgative, in 

 order that the drug may act more directly on the parasites. 

 Occasional doses of salines and mineral tonics remove super- 

 fluous mucus, which shelters the worms. The spread of 

 parasitism is prevented by isolating infested animals, de- 

 stroying their excreta, and by keeping healthy animals in 

 uncontaminated quarters, and supplied with pure water and 

 sound food. 



The Strongylidse include many species, two of which infest 

 the horse, and, imbedding themselves in the mucous mem- 

 brane usually of the large intestine, are difficult to expel. 

 Various strongyles invade the fourth stomach and intestine 

 of cattle, sheep, and goats, and not infrequently concur with 

 other strongyles infesting the bronchi. Other species attack 

 dogs, cats, pigs, and poultry ; while the S. pergracilis is the 

 cause of disease in grouse. Empyreumatic coal-tar oils, 

 lysol, creolin, thymol, and chloroform are the remedies used. 



Some cases of parasitism, unfortunately, are beyond the 

 reach of anthelmintics. TrichinSB get immured in the 

 muscles ; the palisade worms (Sderostomum armatum) 

 develop aneurisms ; Scl. tetracanthum, which causes fatal 



