AMMONIUM CARBONATE 169 



DOSES, etc. Of liquor ammonia as a diffusible stimulant 

 and antispasmodic, horses take f Jij . to f 3iv. ; cattle, f 3iv. to 

 f i. ; sheep and pigs, f3Ji- J an d dogs, H\v. to H\x. The 

 aromatic spirit is given in proportionally larger doses. In 

 order to sustain their transient effects they require to be 

 repeated at intervals of two or three hours. On account of 

 their pungency, they must be largely diluted with water, or, 

 better still, with cold gruel or mucilage. A useful stimulant 

 draught, either for horses or cattle, is made with half an 

 ounce each of liquor ammoniae, sweet spirit of nitre, and 

 tincture of gentian, given in a quart of ale or of cold gruel. 

 For external application the liquor ammonise is generally 

 used, mixed with five to ten parts of oil. A convenient 

 stimulating liniment is made with one part each of medicinal 

 solution of ammonia, oil of turpentine, and water, mixed 

 with four to six parts of linseed oil. A drachm of liquor 

 ammonise fortis, with half a pint of soap liniment, makes a 

 useful stimulant embrocation for sore throat. The B.P. 

 liniment of ammonia consists of one part solution of 

 ammonia (10 per cent.), one part of almond oil, and two 

 parts of olive oil. The popular ' White Oil ' is made with 

 one ounce of camphor, four ounces of rectified spirit, a pint 

 of olive oil, and two ounces solution of ammonia. 



AMMONII CARBON AS. Carbonate of Ammonia. Ammonium 

 Carbonate. 



A variable mixture of Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 

 NH 4 HC0 3 , with ammonium carbamate, NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 , pro- 

 duced on heating ammonium sulphate with calcium 

 carbonate (B.P.). 



It occurs in colourless, translucent, fibrous, crystalline 

 masses, with a pungent alkaline taste, and a strong am- 

 moniacal odour. Soluble in four parts of cold water ; rather 

 less of tepid water ; in two hundred of alcohol ; and in five 

 of glycerin. Decomposes in boiling water, with evolution of 

 ammonia and carbonic acid ; sublimes when heated, and 

 when exposed to the air becomes opaque, friable, and 

 covered with a white efflorescence. 



ACTIONS AND USES. The carbonate closely resembles 



