310 CHLORINE 



3iv. to i. ; dogs, grs. v. to grs. lx., in bolus, electuary, or 

 watery solution, repeated three or four times daily. Where 

 cerebral excitement is great, and sleep is sought, chloral 

 or other hypnotic is conjoined with the bromide. Bromide 

 of zinc has been introduced for epileptic cases in the belief 

 that it unites the actions of bromine and zinc. Bromol, or 

 Tribromophenol, a crystalline product of the action of 

 bromine on phenol, is used as a caustic, disinfectant, and 

 intestinal antiseptic. It is soluble in alcohol, ether . and 

 glycerin, and not affected by the gastric secretion. 



CHLORINE 



Chlorine may be obtained by the interaction of hydro- 

 chloric acid and manganese peroxide. It is a yellow-green 

 gas, with a peculiar suffocating odour and an astringent 

 taste. Water charged with two volumes of chlorine gas 

 constitutes the liquor chlori a yellow-green, chlorine- 

 smelling liquid, readily decomposed by air and sunshine. 



ACTIONS AND USES. Chlorine, whether as gas or in solution, 

 is irritant, antiseptic, deodorant, disinfectant, and parasiti- 

 cide. 



One part in 8540 of a watery solution arrests the action of 

 ptyalin on starch paste ; one in 7411 part arrests the action 

 of diastase ; one in 27167 part arrests the action of pepsin. 

 Although not so active as corrosive sublimate, one 22768 

 part kills developed bacteria ; but one 1431 part is required 

 to prevent their reproduction, and 1008 to prevent reproduc- 

 tion of spores. One part to 1500 prevents development of 

 anthrax bacilli. The bleaching, antiseptic, and other actions 

 of chlorine result from the breaking up of complex organic 

 substances by the chlorine seizing their hydrogen, while the 

 nascent oxygen thus liberated exerts active oxidation. 



Applied to the skin or mucous surfaces, it causes irritation, 

 which is relieved by lime-water, white of egg, soap, or diluents. 

 One part in 100,000 of air inhaled for some time causes great 

 irritation of the bronchial mucous membrane, and haemor- 

 rhage from the lungs. Irritation of the air-passages, induced 

 by the insufficiently diluted gas, is counteracted by inhala- 



