378 CHLOROFORM 



chloroform and laudanum, repeated two or three times 

 daily. Similar treatment is sometimes useful in removing 

 worms. Horses affected with epizootic catarrh and spas- 

 modic cough are relieved by chloroform, conjoined with 

 belladonna extract, or laudanum, dissolved in cold linseed 

 gruel, and swallowed slowly, so as to ensure more prolonged 

 anodyne effect on the irritable nerve-endings. 



As a local anaesthetic it has not such direct paralysing 

 effects on sensory nerves as ether, cocaine, iodoform, or 

 even as carbolic acid, or cold. It is sometimes, however, 

 applied to allay the pain of neuralgia, rheumatism, and local 

 inflammation. Its anodyne and antiseptic properties have 

 suggested its use, with carbolic acid and vaseline in stomatitis 

 and actinomycosis. Mixed with a little spirit, it is a cleanly 

 means of destroying lice or fleas infesting dogs, cats, or 

 fowls. As a liniment it is sometimes useful in mammitis in 

 cows. It is occasionally added to anodyne enemata for the 

 relief of irritation of the lower bowel and urino-genital 

 organs. Its high diffusive power, which it retains when 

 mixed with spirit, renders it a useful vehicle for the sub- 

 cutaneous injection of morphine, atropine, and other 

 alkaloids. It is a solvent for guttapercha, and the solution 

 is occasionally employed as a substitute for collodion. 



DOSES, etc. To produce anaesthesia in horses and cattle, 

 f jj. to f jv. are required ; f 3iv. to f j. for sheep and pigs ; 

 f3J- to f gj. for dogs. Anaesthesia is readily maintained by 

 repeated small doses. The chloroform vapour may be given 

 alone, without intentional admixture of air or diluted with 

 from ten to thirty volumes of air. 



Horses can be chloroformed standing or after casting 

 the recumbent position being generally preferred. Ad- 

 ministration may be effected by pouring chloroform a 

 drachm or two at a time on a warm sponge, which is placed 

 close to a nostril, and carefully covered with a large towel 

 folded several times ; or more conveniently by using one 

 of the many special muzzles now on sale. Roalfe Cox's 

 waterproof canvas bag is very simple, inexpensive, and 

 efficient. The leather muzzle patented by Messrs. Carlisle 

 and Bell is furnished with a perforated tin box to contain 

 the saturated sponge, and provided with straps which allow 



