SPIRIT OF CHLOROFORM 379 



of the adjustment of the muzzle to fit most horses. Gress- 

 well's nose cap, Do well's inhaler, and Krohne and Sese- 

 mann's modification of Junker's apparatus can be recom- 

 mended. Inhalers properly used prevent waste of chloro- 

 form. The vapour being inhaled in tolerably concentrated 

 form, the initial stage of excitement is shortened, the 

 reduced quantity required to produce anaesthesia diminishes 

 risk from respiratory and cardiac paralysis ; while the 

 irritation and nausea apt to ensue from the use of larger 

 doses are avoided. The subcutaneous injection of morphine 

 or of a mixture of atropine and morphine, fifteen minutes 

 before giving chloroform, diminishes preliminary excitement 

 and intensifies the anaesthesia. Partial or limited anaesthesia 

 induced by inhalation of minimum doses of chloroform is 

 useful in difficult parturition, and as a means of restraint 

 when firing, castrating, or performing simple operations on 

 horses standing. Dogs may be chloroformed by dropping 

 the drug on cotton wool or a sponge placed over the nostrils, 

 or by using an inhaler, which ought to cover only the upper 

 jaw. During administration it is of utmost importance to 

 keep the dog's mouth open, which can be effected without 

 difficulty by a small gag. Cats, lap-dogs, and other small 

 animals, may be chloroformed under a bell- jar or an in- 

 verted box containing bits of blotting paper or cotton wool 

 charged with chloroform. Administered by the mouth 

 as a stimulant, antispasmodic, and analgesic, the dose for 

 horses or cattle is f3i. to f3ij- ; for sheep and swine, TT\xx. 

 to Tl\xl., and for dogs, U\v. to Tl\x. These doses are given 

 with syrup, mucilage, whisked egg, or weak spirit, and 

 repeated at intervals of two or three hours; 



AQUA-CHLOROFORM, consisting of one part chloroform 

 to four hundred of water, is used as a carminative, anti- 

 septic, and stimulant, and as a convenient medium for giving 

 unpalatable drugs. 



SPIRIT OF CHLOROFORM, also called chloric ether, is made 

 by dissolving one fluid part of chloroform in nineteen fluid 

 parts of alcohol (90 per cent.). It has the specific gravity 

 871, and a warm ethereal odour and taste. It is an effectual 

 stimulant, antispasmodic, and anodyne, resembling ether 

 and sweet spirit of nitre. Diluted with water, or any bland 



