478 OPIUMMORPHINE 



cited, and tympanitic ; but the effects passed off in an hour. 

 Kaufmann gives one to two drachms as the toxic dose for 

 cattle, and fifteen to thirty grains for sheep and goats. 

 Swine, receiving one or two drachms of opium, become first 

 lively and then dull and sleepy, with hot skin and consti- 

 pated bowels. 



Dogs, swallowing moderate doses, usually become stupid 

 and drowsy, but occasionally are rendered delirious, especi- 

 ally by large doses. The pupil is not dilated, as is frequent 

 in the horse and cat, nor continuously contracted, as 

 in man, but is contracted while the dog is asleep or 

 narcotised. Two to three drachms of opium cause, within 

 a few minutes, increased force and frequency of the 

 pulse ; followed by nausea, a staggering, unsteady gait, 

 twitching of the limbs, clonic spasms, stertorous breathing, 

 drowsiness, stupor, and sometimes death. The symptoms 

 continue from three to fifteen hours, and most animals 

 surviving the latter period recover. Harley injected twenty 

 minims laudanum under the skin of a bitch about 25 Ibs. 

 weight ; she was nauseated ; in fifteen minutes she vomited ; 

 had spasms of the diaphragm, the bowels acted, mucus ran 

 from the mouth ; within an hour the pulse had fallen from 

 120 to 78, and was irregular ; the animal lay quiet, but did 

 not sleep or show narcotism. Twenty minims more were 

 injected ; the pulse fell to 72, and was regular ; respira- 

 tions 16, and regular ; half an hour later she closed her 

 eyes and was drowsy, continued so for an hour, but did 

 not actually sleep. 



Morphine acetate, half a grain, subcutaneously injected 

 into a bitch weighing 25 Ibs., in a few minutes caused 

 vomiting and urination. She lay motionless, her nose on 

 the rug, her fore and hind limbs fully extended. For 

 upwards of three hours she was so completely narcotised 

 that the eyes were insensible to light, the pupils much 

 contracted ; -the pulse fell from 120 to 50, and became 

 irregular ; the respirations went down from 20 to 14, and 

 were shallow ; the muscles were flaccid. Two to three 

 grains, subcutaneously injected, killed dogs of 12 Ibs. to 

 16 Ibs. in ten or twelve hours ; doses insufficient to kill 

 develop in most dogs excitant instead of soporific effects. 



