HENBANE COCAINE 523 



failure of the action of the heart, and of breathing, and 

 death from asphyxia (Brunton). 



Toxic EFFECTS. Horses receiving an infusion made with 

 three to four ounces of the leaves have dilatation of the 

 pupils, spasmodic movements of the lips, acceleration and 

 subsequently depression of the heart-beats, but no symptoms 

 of acute poisoning. Dogs are acted on exactly as by bella- 

 donna. Cats become dull and drowsy, the mouth and nose 

 dry, the pulse accelerated, the pupils dilated, and the power 

 of walking or springing impaired. 



MEDICINAL USES. Hyoscyamus is prescribed with cath- 

 artics to prevent their griping. It is mainly excreted by 

 the kidneys, and occasionally is used as an anodyne in 

 irritable conditions of the kidneys and bladder. It is pre- 

 scribed in human practice in cases of mania and nervous 

 or muscular excitement, and has been used with some 

 success in epilepsy and chorea in dogs. It is occasionally 

 substituted for opium as a topical anodyne. For the human 

 subject, hyoscine or scopolamine is a useful hypnotic, 

 producing, after a brief stage of excitement, a condition 

 like natural sleep. In horses and dogs, according to 

 Frohner, this effect is not easily produced, though moderate 

 doses cause marked mydriasis. 



DOSES, etc. Of the tincture, horses and cattle take 3ij- 

 to fj. ; dogs, Tl\x. to Tl\xl. The extract is six times the 

 strength of the tincture. Hyoscyamine, usually prescribed 

 as the sulphate, which is freely soluble in water, is about 

 one hundred times more active than the extract, and is 

 sometimes used hypodermic ally. Doses, horses, gr. i. to 

 grs. ii. ; dogs, gr. -g 1 ^ to gr. -fa. Of Hyoscine hydrobromide 

 the dose for the horse is gr. J ; for the dog, gr. -fa to gr. -fa. 



COCAINE 



COCAINA. An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Erythro- 



xylum coca and its varieties. 

 COCAINJE HYDROCHLORIDUM. The hydrochloride of an 



alkaloid obtained from Coca leaves. C 17 H 21 N0 4 .HC1. 



Nat. Ord. Linacese. 



The alkaloid, of which the leaves yield 26 per cent., is 



