HOLOCAINE, ACOINE, TROPACOCAINE, EUCAINE 527 



and rectum, for the removal of tumours, and the opening of 

 abscesses. Doses of grs. ii. to grs. v. cocaine hydrochloride, 

 in solution (two to five per cent.), subcutaneously injected, 

 are used to allay rheumatic and other local pains, and to 

 assist in the diagnosis of lameness in horses. Cocaine is 

 also employed in lumbar anaesthesia. For this purpose 

 a two per cent, solution may be injected in doses of H\xv. to 

 ll\lx. for the horse and ox, and TI\v. to H\xxx. for the dog. 



In order to preserve cocaine hydrochloride solutions, 

 which, when long kept, are liable to spoil, l-200th part 

 of boric acid should be added to them when freshly made. 

 The B.P. injectio cocainae hypodermiea, is made with 

 33 grains cocaine hydrochloride, J grain salicylic acid, and 

 6 drachms distilled water. One hundred and ten minims 

 contain about ten grains of cocaine. The ointment consists 

 of 20 grains cocaine, 80 grains oleic acid, and 400 grains of 

 lard. Tablets containing ^ and J grain are now obtainable. 



Holocaine, a cocaine substitute, obtained by combination 

 of phenacetin and paraphenetidin, is employed as the hydro- 

 chloride, which is soluble in one hundred parts of water. 

 In ophthalmic practice a few drops of a 1 per cent, solution 

 produce anaesthesia in fifty seconds, the effects lasting for 

 five to fifteen minutes. The solution is antiseptic but does 

 not dilate the pupil. 



Acoine, derived from guanin, is less poisonous and acts 

 longer than cocaine. It is antiseptic as well as anaesthetic. 

 A solution for hypodermic injection is composed of one part 

 acoine, eight parts of sodium chloride, and a thousand parts 

 of distilled water. 



Tropacoeaine (benzoyl-pseudo-tropine), employed as the 

 hydrochloride, occurs with cocaine and other bases in Java 

 coca leaves. Prepared synthetically, it is a white crystalline 

 powder, readily soluble in water. Used in solution (2 to 3 

 per cent.) it is a powerful local anaesthetic, more rapid in 

 action and less toxic than cocaine. It has been employed 

 in lumbar anaesthesia, by Becher, in doses of one grain 

 for the dog, and four to eight grains for the horse. 



Eucaine (beta-eucaine) hydrochloride is a good substitute 

 for cocaine. It is more active and much less toxic than 

 cocaine. Readily soluble in water, it is free of irritant action. 



