528 STOVAINE NOVOCAINE ORTHOFORM 



Solutions can be sterilised by boiling without undergoing 

 decomposition. Solutions of 2, 5, and 10 per cent., with or 

 without addition of solution of adrenalin, are employed 

 as local anaesthetics for minor operations. A mixture of 

 equal parts of eucaine and cocaine has been recommended 

 as the best and safest local anaesthetic. 



Stovaine (ethyl - dimethyl - aminopropinol - hydrochloride) , 

 occurring in white lustrous scales, soluble in water, alcohol, 

 and acetic ether, is said to be two or three times less toxic 

 and more easily eliminated than cocaine. Solutions of 1 to 

 2 per cent, are used hypodermically to produce local anaes- 

 thesia. Half a drachm to a drachm of a 6 per cent, solution, 

 injected at four or five points of the conjunctiva, ensures 

 painless excision of the eyeball in horses and dogs. Instilla- 

 tion of a few drops of a 4 per cent, solution greatly facilitates 

 the removal of foreign bodies from the eye. For intraspinal 

 anaesthesia a 5 per cent, solution is injected in doses of 3iJ ss - 

 in horses, JT^xxx. in dogs, and TT[x. to H\xx. in cats. Solu- 

 tions of stovaine can be sterilised by boiling. 



Novocaine (para-aminobenzoyl-diethylamino-ethanol hy- 

 drochloride) is a non-irritant local anaesthetic, in colourless 

 spicular crystals, soluble in an equal quantity of water and 

 in thirty parts of alcohol. Solutions of 1 and 2 per cent, 

 produce satisfactory local anaesthesia for minor operations 

 on horses and dogs. Instillations of a 5 to 10 per cent, 

 solution are employed for operations on the eye. Anaes- 

 thesia is complete in from seven to ten minutes. Novocaine 

 (3 per cent.) is serviceable in the diagnosis of lameness, and 

 combined with solution of adrenalin, it forms an excellent 

 haemostatic anaesthetic for injecting round the base of 

 tumours prior to extirpation. Solutions keep well even when 

 exposed to light, and they may be boiled several times 

 without losing anaesthetic value. 



Orthoform (methylic ether of paramido-meta-oxybenzoic 

 acid), another cocaine substitute, occurs as a white, odourless, 

 and tasteless powder, slightly soluble in water. According 

 to Guinard and Souliere, Orthoform is more analgesic than 

 anaesthetic. Applied to wounds and ulcers only a small 

 part is dissolved by the discharge. Absorption is exceed- 

 ingly slow, so that local applications may be regarded as 



