GLANDULAR STIMULANTS 531 



of the iris are contracted by stimulation of the third nerve, 

 but frequently the pupil is subsequently dilated. The 

 muscles of the stomach and intestines are in a state of 

 active peristalsis, occasionally accompanied by vomiting, 

 colic, and diarrhoea. The bladder contracts, and urine is 

 passed at short intervals. Contractions of the uterus and 

 movements of the spleen are also produced. After slight 

 and temporary quickening from stimulation of the sympa- 

 thetic fibres, heart action is slowed and blood-pressure 

 lowered, by reason of vagus stimulation becoming dominant. 

 The temperature, which at first rises, subsequently falls 

 several tenths of a degree. Frohner states that a single dose 

 in from two to four hours will reduce the weight of a horse 

 by forty to sixty pounds. 



Horses receiving two to four drachms of the leaves infused 

 in hot water, in fifteen to twenty minutes exhibited profuse 

 salivation, continuing for three hours, but without notable 

 diaphoresis, altered circulation, or increased temperature. 

 Carriage horses to which Dun gave two to four drachms, in 

 fifteen minutes salivated abundantly, and the discharge 

 continued for two or three hours ; very slight diaphoresis 

 occurred for twenty minutes ; no change was noticeable 

 in the pulse, temperature, or quantity of urine excreted. 

 Dollar injected hypodermically 1J grains pilocarpine in 

 ten parts water into the shoulder of an aged horse 15J 

 hands ; in six minutes marked salivation set in, the saliva 

 pouring out of the mouth ; the secretion from the buccal 

 glands also appeared to be augmented. These effects con- 

 tinued for fully an hour and a half ; the pulse was lowered 

 in force, and was slowed two to three beats ; the skin, 

 previously dry, became moist, but there was no distinct 

 sweating. P. Smith reports that in horses, in about ten 

 minutes after a subcutaneous injection of three grains, 

 there is constant ' champing of the jaws, whilst saliva flows 

 from the mouth, sometimes in quite a stream. There is no 

 attempt at sweating ; the sweat glands of the horse are 

 perfectly insensible to the action of pilocarpine. The 

 involuntary muscles of the intestinal canal are stimulated, 

 and the rectum is repeatedly emptied.' 



Horses are poisoned by the subcutaneous injection of five 



