CINCHONA BAEKS 559 



QUININE SULPHATE. Quininae Sulphas. The sulphate of 

 an alkaloid obtained from the bark of various species 

 of Cinchona and Remijia (B.P.). 



QUININE HYDROCHLOBIDE. Quininae Hydrochloridum. The 

 hydrochloride of an alkaloid obtained from the bark of 

 various species of Cinchona and Remijia (B.P.). 



The evergreen trees or tall shrubs which yield the 

 medicinal barks were originally grown on the slopes and in 

 the valleys of the Andes, but are now cultivated in British 

 India, Ceylon, Java, and Jamaica. The bark, in 1639, was 

 brought from Peru to Madrid, distributed by the Jesuits, 

 and hence received the names of Peruvian and Jesuits' 

 bark. Of thirty-six known species, there are many 

 varieties, yielding barks distinguished as pale, yellow, and 

 red. 



The pale cinchonas, some of which are got from the stem 

 and branches of the Cinchona officinalis and C. condaminea, 

 are usually in single and double rolls, and yield more 

 cinchonine than quinine. 



The yellow barks obtained from the C. calisaya and other 

 species are commonly met with in flat pieces, eight to fifteen 

 inches long, two to three wide, and two to four lines thick. 

 They consist mostly of liber, are furrowed and brownish- 

 yellow externally, fibrous and yellow-orange within. The 

 transverse fracture shows numerous short fibres ; the pow- 

 der is cinnamon-brown ; the odour aromatic ; the taste 

 bitter without astringency. Good specimens yield 5 to 

 6 per cent, of quinine. 



The official or red bark is the produce of the C. succirubra ; 

 imported in quilled or more or less in-curved pieces, two 

 to twelve inches long, one-tenth to one-fourth inch thick. 

 The pieces are red, rough, wrinkled, and coated with 

 epiderm externally ; finely fibrous, with a granular fracture, 

 and brick-red or deep red-brown internally ; no marked 

 odour ; taste bitter and somewhat astringent. It yields 

 5 to 6 per cent, of alkaloids. 



The euprea barks from the Remijia a genus nearly 

 allied to cinchona and cascarilla are now largely im- 

 ported ; are dense, with a thin, longitudinally striated 



