TURPENTINES 597 



from Russia and India, and produced by an umbelli- 

 ferous plant. It has little effect on horses or cattle, even in 

 doses of several ounces. It is occasionally given to dogs to 

 allay nervous irritability, and relieve chorea and epilepsy ; 

 but little dependence can be placed on it ; used for similar 

 conditions in man its effects are chiefly psychical and due 

 to its nauseous taste and smell. It attracts and excites 

 cats, developing by its suggestive odour their amatory 

 propensities. The volatile oil abates the convulsions of 

 strychnine poisoning, is an anthelmintic, and is excreted 

 by the lungs, skin, and kidneys. 



DOSES, etc. Used for horses or cattle, valerian may be 

 given in doses of 3J V - to j. ; for dogs, grs. viii. to 3J- 5 

 for cats, grs. ii. to grs. xx., given in powder or infusion 

 several times daily, conjoined with ginger, gentian, or 

 camphor, or dissolved in spirit of ammonia. 



THE VALERIANATES, as above indicated, exhibit the actions 

 of their bases, .but not those of valerian. Where it is 

 desired to conjoin the physiological action of valerian with 

 iron, zinc, or other metallic salt, or with quinine, the oil of 

 valerian should be prescribed with a suitable salt of the 

 metallic or vegetable base. The valerianate of zinc has 

 been used for dogs aiid cats in epilepsy, chorea, and nervous 

 excitability, in doses of grs. ij. to grs. v., but this use is 

 quite irrational, and no good effects ensue. 



TURPENTINES 

 TEREBINTHIN^E. Nat. Ord. Coniferse. 



The Coniferse yield the following drugs 



I. Oleo-resinous juices exuding spontaneously or from 

 incisions made into the trunks or branches, consisting of 

 common and Venice turpentines, Canada balsam, frankin- 

 cense, and Burgundy pitch. 



II. Oil of turpentine (C 10 H 16 ) the volatile or essential 

 oil procured from turpentines by distillation. 



III. Hydrates of turpentine, terebene, terpene, and ter- 

 pinol, prepared by acting on oil of turpentine with acids. 



IV. Resins the residue of the distillation of turpentine. 



