MEDICINAL USES 603 



turpentine emulsion into the stomach. The motor centres 

 are implicated in the same order as in poisoning with 

 members of the alcohol series, those of the brain being 

 first affected, those of the cord later, and those of the 

 medulla last. A dog receiving two drachms, intravenously, 

 staggered, was convulsed, circulation and respiration failed, 

 and death occurred in three minutes (Christison). During 

 excretion large doses cause congestion of the urino-genital 

 organs, diminish or arrest secretion of urine, and induce 

 strangury and sometimes hsematuria. 



MEDICINAL USES. In indigestion, flatulence, and atonic 

 diarrhoea, it checks undue fermentation and acts as a 

 carminative and gastro-intestinal stimulant and astringent. 

 Although an uncertain cathartic when given alone, like 

 many other volatile oils it promotes the action of cath- 

 artics, with which it is usefully conjoined in flatulent colic, 

 and in such cases it is also used in enemata. Alike in 

 flatulent and spasmodic colic in horses, it is frequently 

 given combined either with linseed oil or with mucilage 

 and aloes, and in spasmodic cases is conjoined with 

 opium. 



As a cardiac and general stimulant it is not so effective 

 as alcohol or ether. But stimulating vaso-motor centres 

 and contracting arterioles, as well as by its local action 

 during excretion, it checks excessive or faulty mucous 

 discharges. Thus, in chronic bronchitis and nasal gleet, 

 terebene gargles and turpentine emulsions and inhalations 

 prove useful, especially when seconded by turpentine 

 liniments applied externally. Turpentine has been credited 

 with astringent haemostatic properties, and for this purpose 

 it is used in purpura, and in passive haemorrhage from the 

 lungs, stomach, or bowels, as well as from the kidneys, 

 although in renal cases the drug must be used cautiously and 

 in small doses. That it really possesses haemostatic pro- 

 perties is doubtful. In purpura in horses, ounce doses are 

 prescribed, with the same quantity of ferric chloride tincture, 

 in milk, twice or thrice daily. This prescription, with two 

 drachms potassium chlorate, is useful in many cases of 

 haemoglobinuria. Chronic rheumatism in all classes of 

 patients is frequently relieved by conjoining turpentine 



