MEDICINAL USES 605 



age a drachm, of oil of turpentine, conveniently mixed 

 with milk, and administered by the mouth. Two or three 

 doses, at intervals of two or three days, usually effect a 

 cure. Turpentine inhalations, although fairly effectual, are 

 troublesome to manage. For calves intratracheal injection 

 of turpentine was introduced by Hutton, who made a 

 small incision in the skin, half-way down the neck, and 

 between two rings of the trachea, and with a suitable 

 syringe injected f3i- to f3ij- oil of turpentine, with f3ss. 

 each of carbolic acid, chloroform, and glycerin, which 

 ensures solution of the carbolic acid. No serious irritation 

 resulted. A few paroxysms of coughing occasionally 

 occurred. Brought into actual contact with the parasites, 

 the vermicide promptly destroyed them. 



Gapes in poultry, caused by the Syngamus trachealis, is 

 successfully treated by a similar mixture, used diluted with 

 four or five parts of milk or bland oil, two or three drops 

 being placed in the mouth of the ailing fowl. A similar dress- 

 ing is sometimes applied around the throat, but, although 

 in part absorbed, is not so effectual as when swallowed. 



Externally, oil of turpentine is used as an antiseptic, 

 stimulant, and counter-irritant. Rubbed undiluted into the 

 skin of horses, it quickly causes topical irritation, great 

 restlessness, and much excitement, continuing for twenty or 

 thirty minutes, and, if used largely and repeatedly, it vesi- 

 cates, and may blemish. Cattle are not so sensitive to its 

 irritant effect, and for them it is sometimes employed to 

 increase the activity of other vesicants. A piece of flannel 

 wrung out of hot water, and sprinkled with turpentine oil 

 (turpentine stupes), is frequently applied as a counter- 

 irritant. A continuous moderate action is more serviceable 

 than a single violent effect. For inveterate eczema and 

 psoriasis, after removal of the scales with soft soap and 

 water or alkaline dressings, turpentine, diluted with one or 

 two parts of oil or glycerin and water, sometimes beneficially 

 stimulates the hypertrophied, weakened skin, and promotes 

 cure. 



It is used as a stimulant for rheumatic swellings, more 

 particularly of cattle and sheep ; for sprains and bruises 

 after the first pain and tenderness have been subdued by 



