INTRAMAMMARY INJECTIONS 715 



very simple. Choice is generally made of a situation where 

 the skin is thin, and the subcutaneous tissue loose, as behind 

 the elbow, or at the lower part of the neck. A fold of loose 

 skin, after disinfection with 5 per cent, carbolic solution, 

 is taken up between the finger and thumb of the left hand ; 

 the needle, detached from the syringe, is passed through 

 the skin, and carried about an inch obliquely under the 

 surface. The nozzle of the filled syringe is then attached to 

 the needle, the piston slowly pushed home, and the instru- 

 ment cautiously withdrawn. The injection of air can be 

 prevented by seeing that the packing of the piston is suffi- 

 cient, or by arresting the piston before the contents of syringe 

 have been wholly expelled. The puncture requires no plaster 

 or dressing. Convenient tablets, lamellae, or pellets of the 

 various drugs used hypodermically are now obtainable. 



Intramuscular injections, though very rapidly absorbed, 

 are only occasionally employed. By this method solutions 

 of strychnine and veratrine have been used as stimulants 

 in muscular paralysis, morphine and cocaine as anodynes in 

 rheumatism, compound fractures, and extensive laceration of 

 muscles ; and recently fibrolysin has been tried with the 

 object of reducing fibrous indurations. Usually the in- 

 jections are made into the substance of the gluteal, or 

 scapular muscles. Deep injection of ether and of other 

 drugs occasionally causes temporary motor or sensory 

 paralysis. 



Intramammary injections of antiseptic solutions, and 

 insufflations of air, or pure oxygen, are employed in acute 

 and contagious mammitis and parturient toxaemia or ' milk 

 fever ' of the cow. Antiseptic solutions are injected by a 

 Higginson's syringe through a teat-syphon or special tube 

 inserted in the teat. Two to four ounces of warm aqueous 

 solution of boric acid (3 per cent.), of sodium fluoride (1 to 

 200-500), or chinosol (1 : 1200), are injected in acute and 

 contagious mammitis. In parturient toxaemia filtered 

 air, introduced by a bicycle pump, or pure oxygen from a 

 cylinder, or a solution of potassium iodide may be used. 

 In all cases the udder or diseased quarter should be emptied 

 as completely as possible before injection. After insufflation 

 of air or oxygen, a clamp is applied to the teat, the udder is 



