ENEMATA 717 



kept sufficiently apart by an assistant, or a finger may be 

 placed within the cheek which is then raised to form a 

 pouch into which the medicine can be readily poured. 

 Small dogs are most conveniently dosed when placed on 

 their hind-quarters on a table or bench ; but larger dogs 

 should be backed into a corner, the operator holding the 

 head between his knees. Cats can be drenched without 

 doing damage with their claws if rolled in a stout rug or 

 dropped into a capacious top-boot, the head being left out, 

 and the jaws held apart with pieces of tape ; or the cheek 

 may be pouched with forceps. In all animals the nostrils 

 must be unobstructed, and the tongue loose, or only gently 

 held down. Drenches should be carefuUy and slowly given ; 

 and if coughing occur, administration should be stopped, 

 and the animal's head released. Drenches may be given 

 by an ordinary pint syringe. The jaws are fixed by a cord 

 or strap passed round the head, the lips are held closed in 

 front and at the sides ; the nozzle of the syringe is then 

 passed into the mouth near one of the commissures, and the 

 injection is directed towards the base of the tongue. 



Glass bottles, often used for the administration of drenches, 

 are dangerous, when they break they may injure the mouth 

 of the patient, or the hands of the operator. Veterinarians, 

 and even agriculturists, should therefore only use stout 

 tin drenching bottles. The old-fashioned horn is now 

 generally superseded by the tin bottle. 



ENEMAS-ENEMATA-CLYSTERS-SUPPOSITORIES 

 -INJECTIONS 



Enemas are liquid injections into the rectum, and are 

 employed to effect several useful purposes. They soften 

 and remove hard faeces lodged in the rectum, and do so 

 without unnecessarily exciting other parts of the intestine. 

 They accelerate, increase, and maintain the action of 

 purgatives. They destroy and remove worms infesting 

 the posterior part of the canal. They may exert either 

 soothing or stimulating effects ; and, reflexly, such effects 

 may be propagated to adjacent and even to remote organs. 

 They besides prove convenient vehicles for introducing into 



