720 EXTRACTS 



with a nozzle which unscrews at pleasure, and can be carried 

 in the interior of the instrument. The female catheter 

 may be used for the administration of medicinal injections. 

 In the horse the rectum is generally cleared by the hand 

 before any of these articles are used ; and in all animals 

 the part of the apparatus which enters the gut should be 

 smeared with lard or oil, and introduced slowly and care- 

 fully. 



Suppositories of raw or cooked meat are readily absorbed 

 from the rectum, especially if they are previously moistened 

 with diluted hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Drugs in the 

 form of suppository, usually made up with cacao-butter 

 and a little wax, are occasionally introduced into the rectum, 

 vagina, and uterus. A cylinder of soap introduced within 

 the anus, and held for a minute or two, conveniently encour- 

 ages the action of the bowels, especially in dogs and cats, 

 and in foals and calves. 



Intra-uterine injections of antiseptic, astringent, haemo- 

 static, anodyne, and saline solutions are used in the treat- 

 ment of metritis, retention of the foetal membranes, uterine 

 wounds, haemorrhage, and leucorrhcea, and after difficult 

 parturition. The solution, varying in quantity from a few 

 ounces to ten or fifteen quarts, should be warm, and slowly 

 injected by a Higginson's syringe or Read's pump, or intro- 

 duced by gravitation through a double catheter, or half- 

 inch rubber tube, which is passed by the hand through the 

 os uteri for a distance of three to six inches. If the womb 

 contract under the stimulus of the injection, the solution 

 will be completely expelled ; but in cases associated with 

 uterine inertia, to prevent distension, poisoning or irrita- 

 tion, and consequent straining, the solution should be 

 withdrawn or syphoned out soon after injection. After 

 manual extraction of the foetal membranes, the womb is 

 irrigated with a weak, antiseptic solution, and irrigation 

 may be continued until the returning fluid is quite clear. 



EXTRACTS-FLUID EXTRACTS-FRESH OR 

 GREEN EXTRACTS 



Extracts consist of the soluble, active principles of plants 

 reduced to a semi-solid paste by evaporation of the natural 



