724 MIXTURES OILS 



potassae, liquor calcis, and liquor zinci chloridi. The B.P. 

 solutions of cocaine, ergot, morphine, and apomorphine, 

 and many unofficial formulae for hypodermic injection are 

 also used. 



Lotions are watery solutions intended for external use. 

 Those for the mouth are called collutoria, and those for the 

 nasal chambers are known as collunaria. Applications to 

 the eye may be dry (powder), soft (pomade), or liquid 

 (eollyrium). Collyria may be sprayed or instilled into the 

 eye. In practising instillation in the horse or ox, the 

 eyelids are separated and the lotion is poured into the 

 conjunctival sac at the temporal angle ; in the dog and cat 

 the eollyrium is dropped on to the surface of the eyeball. 

 Collyria may be anaesthetic (cocaine, novocaine, adrenalin) ; 

 antiseptic (solution of boric acid, protargol, hydrogen 

 peroxide, etc.) ; astringent (alum, zinc sulphate, etc.) ; 

 caustic or stimulant (silver nitrate) ; mydriatic (atropine, 

 cocaine, etc.); myotic (eserine); and haemostatic (adrenalin). 

 When frequently applied the salts of lead, zinc, or silver 

 may produce corneal opacity, which does not occur in using 

 boric acid, sodium hyposulphite, or hydrogen peroxide. 



MIXTURES-MUCILAGES-EMULSIONS 



Mixtures or misturae are preparations usually containing 

 insoluble drugs suspended in mucilage or other viscid 

 substances. They are exemplified by camphor, chalk, 

 and catechu mixtures. Insoluble heavy powders, mixed 

 with dissolved gum or starch, are sometimes also termed 

 mucilages. 



Emulsions are opalescent mixtures of oil or resin, sus- 

 pended in aqueous solution of gum, soap, alkali, or white 

 of egg. 



OILS, FIXED, VOLATILE, AND MINERAL 



Fixed oils and fats occur in many plants, usually in the 

 seeds or fleshy pulp, frequently associated with mucilage, 

 and are also present in animal bodies. Besides lard, almond, 

 olive, castor, croton, cocoa-nut, linseed, and cod-liver oils, 

 enumerated in the Pharmacopoeia, palm, rape, and cotton- 



