786 INDEX OF DISEASES AND REMEDIES 



PLEURO-PNEUMONIA EPIZOOTIC continued. 



Treatment generally unsatisfactory. Mortality 30 to 50 per cent. 



Prevention. Under British Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act, cattle 

 affected, and those in contact, immediately slaughtered. Slightly 

 affected subjects in good condition are passed for beef ; other carcases, 

 disinfected, used for manure. 



Infected premises thoroughly cleansed and disinfected. 



The value of protective inoculation doubtful. 



PNEUMONIA. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 

 The chief distinctive forms are 



(1) Contagious, croupous, or gangrenous pneumonia, with secondary 



pleurisy and parenchymatous degeneration of principal organs ; 

 chest plague. Depends upon a small ovoid bacterium (Schiitz), 

 which has been cultivated, and reproduces the disease, not only 

 in horses, but in rabbits, mice, and pigeons. The most common 

 form in horses. 



(2) Catarrhal or broncho -pneumonia. Caused by irritants, including 

 worms, and characterised by exudation and epithelial proliferation 

 and desquamation. Of less definite and usually slower progress. 

 Not frequent in horses, but common in cattle, sheep, and dogs. 



(3) Interstitial or chronic pneumonia. A sequel to the croupous or 



catarrhal affection. 



Contagious pneumonia of horses is often classed as influenza. 

 General principles of treatment the same in both types. 

 Suitable sanitary conditions, diet, and nursing. 

 Hot compresses changed every twelve or fifteen minutes. 

 Antipyretics, salines, bowels regulated by enemas; camphorated oil 



subcutaneously. 



If cathartic needful, oil better than aloes or salines. 

 In neither form is blood-letting required or desirable. 

 In both, especially in catarrhal, ammonium acetate solution, pot. chlorate 



or nitrate, given in draught or drinking water. 

 Two or three small doses aconite where pyrexia acute and horse or cow 



robust. 



Emetic in outset of attack in strong dogs. 

 Mustard applied to sides for fifteen or twenty minutes, and reapplied as 



required. More useful in catarrhal than croupous cases. 

 Frequent doses alcohol, ether, or spiritus setheris nitrosi where patient 



feeble. 



Digitalis or caffeine if heart weak. 

 Pot. iodide and moderate counter-irritation encourage absorption of 



exudate. 



POLL EVIL. See ABSCESS AND FISTULA. 



PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM, UTERUS, OR VAGINA. 



More common in cows that have had several calves than in other 



veterinary patients. 

 Remove any causes still in action. 

 Raise hind-quarters. Carefully return. 

 Cleanse and wash organ with mild astringent solution. 

 If swollen, support on large linen towel or linen web. 

 Cross and twist in opposite directions ends of web, thus inducing 



pressure, and keep web soaked with ice-cold water. 

 Knead repeatedly with hands. 



Scarification not advisable. Excision sometimes necessary. 

 Straining combated by chloral hydrate by mouth, injection of morphine 



hypodermically and pressure on loins. 

 Subsequent prolapse prevented by clamp, truss, or sutures ; the latter 



most effectual. 



