INDEX OF DISEASES AND REMEDIES 795 



SURRA. ROT continued. 



Prevent by giving pure water, clean grain and forage. Treat disease 

 by increasing doses of arsenic, Fowler's solution, cacodylates or atoxyl. 

 Feed liberally. 



SWINE FEVERS. SWINE PLAGUES. 



Under these titles are grouped two specific contagious epizootic fevers 

 of the pig, each depending on its special microbe. 



(1) Swine fever proper. In America termed hog cholera. A contagious and 

 infectious disease of the pig, associated with a necrotic and ulcerative 

 condition of the mucous membrane of the intestine, nearly always 

 most marked in the large intestine. The large intestine exhibits 

 'ringed 5 patches of necrosis, in more chronic cases nodular eleva- 

 tions ; the skin discoloured. The incubation stage is eight to ten 

 days ; the mortality 40 to 50 per cent. ; higher among young pigs ; 

 death occurs in eight to sixteen days. Attacks swine of all ages ; 

 is the disease of which the British Contagious Diseases (Animals) 

 Act takes cognisance ; notification compulsory. 



(2) Swine erysipelas. Mai rouge. An acute septicaemia, characterised by 

 erysipelatous inflammation of the skin, which at first is bright red, 

 becoming blue or brown-red. The gastro-intestinal mucous mem- 

 brane is acutely inflamed, the spleen is enlarged, there is generally 

 nephritis and endocarditis, but no pneumonia. Incubation stage 

 three to four days ; swine three to twelve months chiefly affected ; 

 mortality 50 to 75 per cent. 



Principles of prevention and treatment the same in both forms. 

 Slaughter, or deeply bury infected, especially first cases. Isolate in- 



contacts. Disinfect. 

 In erysipelas form, vaccination with attenuated virus (although causing 



mortality of 1 or 2 per cent.) is stated to render most subjects immune 



for a year. 



SYNOVITIS. 



Inflammation of a synovial membrane from injury, puncture, or local- 

 isation of rheumatism or tuberculosis. See also ARTHRITIS. 



Fomentations or swathing the joints with cloths wrung out of hot water, 

 persisted with for some hours, parts afterwards rubbed with soap lini- 

 ment and laudanum. 



Anatomical rest may be helped by splints and bandages. 



Slings where hock or other large joint of horse's hind limb affected. 



If not relieved in a few days, blister ; fire in chronic cases. 



Mercury oleate in rheumatic and tubercular cases, which are specially 

 intractable. Internally give potassium iodide, salicylates, alkalies. 



TAPEWORMS. T&mjE. See WORMS. 



TEATS, OBSTRUCTED. 



The teats of cows and ewes are obstructed by curdled milk, calculi, 

 tumours attached to mucous membrane, inflammatory thickening, 

 or stricture. 



Where not removable by careful manipulation, concretions may be dis- 

 placed or broken up by bougie or teat syphon. 

 Tumours within the teat not reducible by mechanical means are 



excised. 



Warts on the teats removed by scissors or ligature. 

 Inflammation treated by fomentations and poultices of spent hops. 

 Stricture, usually a sequel to inflammation, relieved by passing probe, 

 syphon, or teat bistoury. 



TENDONS OR LIGAMENTS, RUPTURED. 



Occurs chiefly in horses. See also SPRAINS. 

 Fomentations allay inflammation. 



