798 INDEX OF DISEASES AND REMEDIES 



TUBERCULOSIS continued. 



by the sputa of consumptive human patients ; the milk from tuber- 

 culous cows has infected calves and pigs, and probably children. It 

 is doubtful if the bacillus of avian tuberculosis is a distinct species. 

 Tuberculosis occurs in man and all the domesticated animals ; cattle, 

 swine, and poultry are most frequently affected ; horses stand next ; 

 sheep and goats are not so susceptible ; dogs and cats still less so. 

 The tubercule may be (1) localised in particular organs, or (2) general- 

 ised, affecting several systems, their serous membranes and lym- 

 phatic glands. 



Tuberculosis of the lungs. Pulmonary consumption is the prominent 



form in more than two-thirds of the cattle, dogs, and cats attacked. 



Tubercule of the mesenteric glands, the spleen, and liver, is the form 



most common in horses, pigs, and poultry. 



Tuberculosis of the mammary gland of the cow begins as a slowly 

 developing diffused induration of one quarter of the udder ; the 

 milk becomes thin or watery and of a blue tint. 



Tubercular arthritis, common in human patients, is not so frequent in 

 the lower animals, but sometimes attacks the spinal, knee, hock, 

 digital and other joints of cattle and horses. 

 Preventive more important than curative treatment. Test with 



tuberculin. 



Affected animals isolated. No suspects used for breeding. 

 Milk from cows with tuberculous udders or generalised tuberculosis 

 frequently contains the bacillus, and is more likely than the flesh to 

 communicate disease. 

 Milk from affected subjects should not be used ; that from suspects 



should be boiled before use. 



Carcases showing generalised tubercule to be destroyed. 

 Diseased carcases or organs burned or deeply buried. 

 Animals in earlier stages stalled by themselves in airy, comfortable 



quarters, and fattened. 



Antiseptic inhalations relieve bronchial irritation. 



Tonics, alcoholic stimulants, iodine, creosote, and antiseptics relieve 

 some of the symptoms. 



TYMPANITES. See HOVEN and FLATULENT COLIC. 

 UDDER, INFLAMMATION OF. See MAMMITIS. 



ULCERS. 



A breach of continuity with destruction of tissue, leaving an indented 

 wound, dry or suppurating. Ulcers are classified as Simple, Weak, 

 Indolent, Inflamed, and Specific. 

 Simple ulcers discharge thick pus, and if kept aseptic and free of 



irritation, they heal quickly by granulation. 

 Weak or ozdematous ulcers require mild astringent dressings. 



Dust with calomel. Paint with solution silver nitrate (5 per 



cent.). 



A bandage, where it can be used, affords equable healthy pressure. 

 Easily digestible nourishing diet ; the patient should have suit- 

 able exercise. 

 Indolent or callous ulcers should have their hard edges excised or 



cauterised, and then be dressed with antiseptics, iodine, 



calomel, or iodoform. 



Pot. iodide sometimes benefits. A purgative generally useful. 

 Inflamed ulcers require removal of any irritant, with medicated 



fomentation, and boric acid or mild astringent. 

 Where there is necrosis use antiseptics freely. 

 Purgative, and digestible cooling diet. 

 Specific, occurring in tuberculosis, glanders, actinomycosis, and 



cancer ; also caused by necrosis bacillus. 



