TO BREAK A HORSE OF SCARING. 489 



horses, it becomes a dirty yellow, streaked with brown and black: 

 and the tushes wear almost out, and sometimes drop out. 



As age increases the teeth wear more and more and from 

 appearing round, they become oval again ; but this oval shape 

 instead of appearing in the line of the teeth, is from front to rear. 

 The marks in old age are completely worn out because the shape 

 appears in conformity with the wear of the teeth. A six year nip- 

 per dissected from the jaw will be oval as to its upper surface. A 

 little lower down it will be round, still lower the oval shape will 

 continue to be more and more assumed in a line from front to rear, 

 and the teeth from the peculiar course of the entire tooth will con- 

 tinue to point nearer and nearer straight out of the mouth. At 

 eight years the incisors are all oval, the length of the ovals running 

 across the line of the teeth. With age the teeth get rounder, and a 

 separation begins to be seen between them. At. nine the central 

 nippers, show in a rounded form as to their upper surlace. At 

 ten the others begin to show the same form. At thirteen years 

 the corner in-cisors present the same appearance. At fourteen the 

 central nippers begin to show a triangular shape. At seventeen the 

 incisors are all triangular. At nineteen the angles begin to wear 

 off, and the central nippers are again oval as in the six-year-old 

 mouth, but in the direction as stated ; that is, from outside to in- 

 side. At twenty-one years all the nippers present this form. Hence 

 when this is observed a horse is said to be " of age." 



TO BREAK A HORSE OF SCARING. 



Turn your horse into the barn-yard, or a large stable will do, 

 and then gather up something that you know will frighten him a 

 red blanket, a buftalo-robe or something of that kind. Hold it up 

 so that he can see it. He will stick up his head and snort. Then 

 throw it down somewhere in the center of the lot or barn and walk 

 off to one side. If he is frightened at the object he will not rest 

 until he has touched it with his nose. You will see him begin to 

 walk around the robe and snort, all the time getting a little closer, 

 as if drawn up by some magic spell, until he finally gets within reach 

 of it. He will then very cautiously stretch out his neck as far as 

 he can reach, merely touching it with his nose, as though he 

 thought it was ready to fly at him. But after he has repeated these 

 touches a few times (though he has been looking at it from the 

 first), he seems to have an idea what it is. And after he has found, 

 by the sense of feeling, that it is nothing that will do him any 

 harm, he is ready to play with it ; and should he run in that lot a 

 few days, the robe that frightened him so much at first, will be no 

 more to him than a familiar stump. In the same manner the 

 young horse should be accustomed tc various strange sights and 

 objects. At length the voice of the master will reassure the animal 

 under any circumstances. 



