6tfO CULTIVATION OF THE ORCHARD AXCD GARDEN. 



advancement of fruit culture, and experiment and experience will be 

 the safer guides. 



Conditions of Space Which Affect Success Orchard 

 trees require plenty of space to develop their growth, if the utmost 

 return is to be expected from them. A fruit tree which is good- 

 sized will send out its roots in every direction, and they will fill a 

 very large space of ground, while its branches will extend a consid- 

 erable distance from the trunk from which they spring. Therefore, 

 if sufficient space is not allowed, and the trees are grown too closely 

 to each other, neither the roots nor the branches will arrive at their 

 proper development, and, as a necessity of the position, their pro- 

 auction will not be what it otherwise would, for their branches will 

 either lop each other and grow together, and the trees themselves 

 will be as uncomfortable as men crowded together in a large con- 

 course of people, and will overtax the resources of the ground. 

 Besides this, the light of the sun, which is an indispensable requi- 

 site in bringing fruit to its ripening and in securing its proper 

 color and flavor, will not be able to influence these results. Again, 

 the excess of rain that may have fallen upon the roots of the trees 

 over what is required for absorption will not be evaporated as in 

 the course of nature it is desirable it should be. Another point 

 which should be considered is that if trees are too near together the 

 fruit gatherer will not be able to move about among them with his 

 implements with convenience, and while the yield of fruit will be 

 decreased, the labor involved in gathering it will be made greater 

 than it should be. 



How to Economize Space in an Orchard In the 

 establishment of the orchard, it may be desirable to economize all 

 the land in it, and this may be accomplished by setting out smaller 

 trees between those which are intended to yield large fruit; and this 

 course of proceeding will not be detrimental because, while the trees 

 to produce large fruit are growing, they do not demand so much 

 space as when they shall nave reached their growth, while the 

 dwarf trees, which have not so long a period of existence as the 

 others, will disappear before the others have reached sufficient 

 growth to be crowded, and while the profit from them shall have 

 Been enjoyed, their disappearance will leave sufficient room for the 

 development of the others. This course may be pursued in any case 

 when the fruit grower shall desire to have the product of his fruit 

 realized upon without delay; but if he shall not be inclined to this 

 course, if there be no necessity for realizing at once and he have 

 particular regard for the appearance of his orchard, there is no 

 necessity of growing these smaller trees. 



Proper Distance Apart for Planting Standard Fruit 

 Trees APPLE TREES which are intended to yield the larger kind 

 of apples, may be set about forty feet distant from each other, and 

 those which are intended to yield the smaller varieties of apples at 

 from thirty -two to thirty-six feet apart. Dwarf apple trees if they 



