568 CULTIVATION OK VINES AND SMALL FRUITS. 



yarn around the stock, of course, it will be necessary to be careful 

 to see that the binding strings do not press upon the eye of the bud 

 which has been inserted. Mid-summer is the time of year when 

 budding should be undertaken. The directions which we gave 

 under tne head of cleft grafting, for continuing the support or 

 bandage about the engrafted limb, until the union between the scion 

 and the stock or branch should have become complete, will be 

 applicable here. In the spring following the budding the tree 

 should be cut off two or three inches above the place where the bud 

 has been set in, if small, or the branch, if the budding shall have 

 been done upon a tree of large size. Whatever shall start up or 

 sprout upon the stock or branch should be removed without delay, 

 in order that the development of the bud shall be permitted to the 

 utmost. The horticulturist will find this method of budding the 

 more desirable, unless he shall be undertaking the improvement of 

 hardwood trees, or of grape vines, and with them he may use ring 

 budding, as it is called, which may be done by removing the bark 

 in the manner of a ring or circle about the width of a fourth or 

 three-eighths of an inch from the stock, setting in another circular 

 piece in which the bud wished to have grown, shall be contained. 



PROPAGATION AND CULTIVATION OF VINES 

 AND SMALL FRUITS.! 



There are two generally employed methods of accomplishing 

 propagation : by layers and cuttings. 



Layers By the use of layers, shrubs, like the red raspberry, 

 vines like the grape, and others, can be propagated with success. 

 This way of increasing the fruit yield is a surer one than that of 

 cuttings, but it may be carried to such an excess as to deteriorate 

 the plant by the process. If one or two grape vines, firm and 

 strong, are laid down, and a portion only of the sprouts of the 

 plants be engrafted, leaving the remaining parts to continue their 

 growth without artificial aids, it will be found the best way. The 



frape vines should be laid in the spring, as the buds are putting 

 >rth. With the greater part of the varieties, there will be necessitv 

 of bending a strong sprout down into the ground, and fastening it 

 there, then casting over it to the depth of some inches, soil pulver- 

 ized and mellow. If the object is to produce but one new plant, 

 there should be left above the ground an end of a shoot cut to one 

 'bud for service, as the stem or stock of the plant alone is undertaken 

 to be grown. All varieties do not create their roots with the same 

 readiness. " Tonging," is cutting the vine where it bends down- 

 ward and drawing the knife forward in the center, to make a slit an 

 inch or two in length. Ordinarily, this cut is made just beneath 

 the bud, but it may be at the side or above it. When this method 



