CULTIVATION OF VINES AND SMALL FRUITS. 669 



is pursued, the vine must be affixed to the ground and eartn mrown 

 over it. If the attempt is made to propagate a number of plants, a 

 vine firm and strong, starting upward close to the ground, may be 

 selected. A small ditch about half a foot in depth should be dug-, 

 in which the vine should be placed and there confined securely. As 

 soon as the buds shall have advanced somewhat in growth, this 

 little ditch should be filled with pulverized mellow earth. By this 

 method there can be grown from each bud on the vine, a new bud. 



Kaspberries and plants of that family, when they are to be 

 multiplied by this layering system, should not be subjected to the 

 operation until their points or tips are quite denuded of leaves, and 

 their color has become a dark purple. This will have occurred 

 during the last summer or first autumn month. The vines in the 

 small ditches should be overlaid with earth to the depth of four or 

 five inches, and the ditches should be dug at an inclination of about 

 forty -five degrees. In a short time, not more than a few weeks, the 

 roots will have become plentiful, and the new plants can be removed 

 from the :ditch. The vines or canes should be cut at about six 

 inches in height. 



How to Use Cutting's The manner of propagating small 

 vines and fruits by cuttings, and the way in which they may be set, 

 is as follows: Select a place in the garden, or other soft, mellow 

 ground, make a hole of depth sufficient to receive the cuttings, 

 which are to be placed therein and left to lean against the side at a 

 slight angle, leaving the topmost bud of each cutting on a plane, 

 with the ground, after the hole shall have been filled and the earth 

 smoothed off, although it will not be material if these buds are 

 sometimes exposed above the surface. The cuttings in this hole 

 should stand about half a foot distant from each other, and the hole 

 filled by casting the soil into it about the buds which are at the foot 

 and midway up the buried slips, about which the ground should be 

 pounded in firmly, making it as close as possible by stamping or 

 settling with a mallet. Afterward, continue the filling up of the 

 hole, and pound the soil down again, but in such wise as to hold 

 the slips firmly at the angle in which they have been placed. The 

 cuttings can be thus set early in the spring, care being taken to 

 cover them in the ground without delay after they come to hand. 

 Seventy-five to eighty per cent of the plants thus set out, will have 

 become good vines by the time summer shall have passed. It is 

 well to take precaution for the protection of these growing cuttings 

 from the sun, which can be accomplished easily, by simply placing 

 a board, which shall slant over them and shut off the sun during the 

 hours of the day when it is hottest. If the weather is dry the cut- 

 tings should be carefully watered two or three times each week. 

 When this method is used the slips should be prepared in the 

 autumn from the well-developed plants of the season next preceding. 

 In cutting: the slip, there should be left, at its foot, some portion of 

 the woooTof the parent plaat. Slips may be prepared by cutting 



