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is extensively cultivated in England and on the continent 

 of Europe for timber and ornament. Its timber is among 

 the most durable and valuable in the world. It is a rapid 

 grower and very ornamental. It is one of the most reliable 

 and desirable trees for planting on the bluff. 



2. EVERGREENS. 



Under the bluff, except in a few spots where clay is 

 mixed with the sub soil, all" evergreens have failed, and 

 will continue to fail. They live and thrive a few years and 

 then die for want of nutriment. They literally starve to 

 death. We do not know how to supply the deficient nour- 

 ishment, and if we knew, it would probably cost too much 

 to be practicable. But on the bluff a few species will suc- 

 ceed. 



The Scotch, Austrian and White Pine may be recom- 

 mended. 



The Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestris, is the least orna- 

 mental of the three ; but it is so hardy, grows so well, and 

 is so easy to cultivate, that in a place like this, where so few 

 evergreens will flourish, it is worthy of notice and should 

 be planted. It constitutes a large part of the forests of 

 northern Europe, and makes the best of timber. 



The Austrian Pine Pinus Austriaca, is a native of the 

 mountainous regions of Austria, where it grows to the 

 hight of one hundred to one hundred and twenty feet. It 

 is more ornamental than the last, and is equally hardy, but 

 requires more care in transplanting. As it becomes a large 

 tree, and is a rapid grower, it should not be crowded but 

 have an abundance of room. The same may be said of the 

 White Pine and the Norway Spruce. 



The White Pine Pinus Strobus, is so well known it 

 needs no description here. /In Pennsylvania, New York, 

 New England, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota it has 

 been very abundant, and in parts of Michigan, Wisconsin 

 and Minnesota it still is. It is the tree from which our 



