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shade trees, still when placed in such a soil, and in a place 

 so exposed as that square, the silver-leaf poplar is an inferior 

 and short-lived tree. 



We have our own peculiar soil and location, and many 

 trees that will flourish in a prairie loam having a clay sub- 

 soil, will not grow here. 



Most of that portion of the city that lies between the 

 bluff on the one side, and the lake and river on the other, 

 has a thin, sandy soil, with a sand and gravel subsoil. It 

 slopes towards the river in a southwesterly direction, and 

 except a strip near the bluff which is a little depressed, is 

 thoroughly drained. 



Having such a declivity, soil and subsoil, it becomes 

 excessively dry in summer. In exposed places it is not 

 uncommon for the ground to dry live feet below the surface. 

 And what is worse, when thoroughly dried, in places the 

 subsoil becomes almost as hard as rock. It is that peculiar 

 formation which is commonly and appropriately termed 

 hard pan. Hence the extreme difficulty of making many 

 trees grow that do well in other places. 



That portion of the city which lies on the bluff has quite 

 a different soil and subsoil, and a different exposure. That 

 part northeast of the Knoxville road, has a clay loam, with 

 a clay subsoil, and is somewhat rolling. That part which 

 lies southwest of the Knoxville road, has chiefly a rich 

 prairie loam, with a clay subsoil, and is rather level. Here 

 almost any of the forest trees will grow. There is much 

 less difficulty in raising trees anywhere on the bluff than in 

 raising them below, and as it is a little cooler there in 

 summer, there is in reality not quite so much necessity for 

 them. 



TREES THAT WILL GROW BETWEEN THE BLUFF AND THE RIVER. 



In the plateau between the bluff and the river, we 



would recommend for outside planting, the following trees: 



The Hackberry Celtis pccidentalis; the White Elm 



