168 THE UNIQUENESS OF LIFE 



relationships between the elements as members of a system, 

 and the radio-active elements are known to be transmuting 

 themselves, but these facts also bear out our point that there 

 is more analogy between the inorganic and the organic than 

 at first appears. And just as the breeder and cultivator help 

 to make new animals and plants, so the synthetic chemist 

 makes camphor and sugar, rubber and alizarin, and the 

 physicist as engineer makes the cleverest machines which 

 borrow some of his own individuality. The breeder works 

 mainly by analysis, the chemist by synthesis, but both are 

 creative. We agree with those thinkers, like Lloyd Morgan, 

 who have tried to link on the synthetic tendency which 

 they detect in the formation of crystals and the building 

 up of carbon compounds to the synthetic tendency which 

 they see in organic development. Lloyd Morgan refers to 

 the teaching of Nernst that, while a large number of physical 

 properties are clearly additive, there are other properties 

 which are non-additive, and should be called constitutive. 

 " The kind of influence of the atom in a compound is pri- 

 marily dependent upon the mode of its union, that is, 

 upon the constitution and configuration of the compound " 

 (Nernst, Theoretical Chemistry. Translated by Lehfeldt. 

 Quoted in The New Realism, New York, 1912, p. 238). 



Instead, then, of seeking to interpolate a new agency 

 non-material and not perceptual we express the fact that 

 living is not explicable in terms of matter and motion by 

 saying that all organisms known to our senses as colloca- 

 tions of protoplasm reveal new aspects of reality, tran- 

 scending mechanical formulation. That these new aspects of 

 reality are analogous to those which are exhibited by the 

 higher organisms namely, intelligence and personality 

 may by and by appear, for our central idea is that the 



