QUESTIONS 37 



QUESTIONS. 



1. What unicellular vegetable microorganisms are classified as bacteria? 



2. Why are bacteria best classified as plants? 



3. Why are they called fission fungi, or schizomycetes ? 



4. Do bacteria in the course of their multiplication change their shape ? 



5. What are the three main morphologic types of bacteria? Name and 

 describe them. 



6. What method has enabled us to establish the constancy of the morpho- 

 logic features of bacteria ? Who devised this method ? 



7. What is the difference between a vibrio and a spirochete ? 



8. Do bacteria in their multiplication under variable conditions vary at all, 

 and if so under what conditions? 



9. What is meant by pleomorphous bacteria ? Describe their characteristics 

 and name some. 



10. What is meant by a pseudobranching of multiplying bacteria? Name an 

 example. 



11. What are involution forms of bacteria? Under what conditions are they 

 formed ? Give some examples. 



12. Are all involution forms dead organisms ? What becomes of the involution 

 forms when they are inoculated into a fresh culture soil ? 



13. How are bacteria killed so that they retain their normal morphologic 

 features without degenerating into involution forms f 



14. Describe the finer structure of the bacterial cell. 



15. How is the chromatic substance of the bacterium arranged? 



16. What is the entoplasm, the ectoplasm, the membrane of a bacterium? 



17. What is meant by the metachromatic granules of a bacterium? By what 

 other names are they also designated? 



18. What is meant by the gelatinous capsule of a bacterium? What by a 

 zodgloa or a zoogloal mass? 



19. What is the difference between a motile and a non-motile bacterium ? Have 

 the former any organs of locomotion? How called? Describe in detail these 

 organs of locomotion. 



20. How are bacteria classified according to the number and arrangement 

 of their flagella. 



21. What types of bacteria generally possess flagella? 



22. What is meant by the Brownian movement of a bacterium? What is it 

 due to? 



23. Name and describe the various types of cocci which result from the various 

 modes of fission which occur in these ball-shaped bacteria. 



24. Name and describe various morphologic types of bacilli. 



25. What is a streptobacillus? 



26. What are pseudofilaments ? 



27. What measure is employed to express the size of bacteria? What is the 

 meaning of the Greek letter ^ in bacteriologic nomenclature ? What is the mean- 

 ing of the terms micron and micra? 



28. What is a bacterial spore? Describe its appearance. 



29. Why is a bacterial spore called entogenous ? 



30. Does spore formation occur in all bacteria and under all conditions? If 

 not, in what kind of bacteria does it occur, and when ? 



31. Name some disease-producing, spore-forming bacteria. 



32. How many spores does a bacterium form ? 



33. What occurs in a bacterium during spore formation? Describe the 

 phenomena in detail. Give location of spores in bacilli. 



34. What is a clostridium ? 



35. Why is a spore called a "Dauerform" (durable form of the bacterium)? 



36. What is meant by the vegetative form of a bacterium ? 



37. How and when do spores change into the vegetative forms of their respec- 

 tive species. 



38. What is meant by sporulation ? What by germination? 



