BACILLUS NECROPHORUS 213 



Wound necrosis in cattle. 



Necrosis of the hoof cartilages of the horse. 



Diphtheria of the intestines in horses. 



Diphtheritic necrosis in the mouth, nose, and intestines of hogs. 



Multiple necrosis in the liver of sheep. 



Multiple necrosis in the liver of mules. 



Diphtheria of Calves. In the diphtheria of calves the mouth and 

 pharynx show diphtheritic pseudomembranes. In advanced and fatal 

 cases diphtheritic necrosis is also found in the intestines and lungs. 

 The affected areas appear as yellowish, irregular, necrotic patches, 

 covered by diphtheritic membranes. 



Multiple Liver Abscesses in Cattle. Multiple necrotic foci or mul- 

 tiple abscesses, sometimes as large as an apple and even larger, are 

 frequently found in the livers of cattle. They are surrounded by a 

 tough, fibrous connective-tissue capsule and contain a very tenacious, 

 thick, generally greenish non-fetid pus, in which there is much 

 granular necrotic material. In it bacilli and filaments are found 

 which by culture and inoculation experiments can be identified as 

 the Bacillus necrophorus. Occasionally the bacillus is associated 

 with the Bacillus pyogenes bovis. 



Furunculosis of the Horse's Hoof with Necrosis of the Cartilages. 

 Necrophorus infection of the hoof of the horse is very common in 

 certain seasons and localities. It appears particularly in winter and 

 was very prevalent in 1909 and 1910. The infection causes progressive 

 necrosis of the cartilages and often leads to changes which permanently 

 damage the locomotion of the animal. In spite of antiseptic treatment 

 and operative procedures the process tends to spread. Sometimes 

 it also produces a general infection with the formation of multiple 

 metastatic bacterial emboli in the liver and lungs. The author has 

 seen the case of a horse which died of a general necrophorus septico- 

 pyemia with the formation of metastases in the internal organs. The 

 lung presented the picture of a lobular or bronchopneumonia and in 

 the consolidated areas the Bacillus necrophorus was found in enor- 

 mous numbers. 



Foot-rot and Lip-and-leg Disease of Sheep. Mohler and Washburn 

 have fully established the Bacillus necrophorus as the etiologic factor 

 of this disease, which is now widespread in the United States and of 

 considerable importance. They describe the symptoms, lesions, and 

 course as follows: 



' The first evidence of an attack of foot-rot to attract the attention 

 is a slight lameness, which rapidly becomes more marked. Previous 

 to this, however, there has appeared a moist area just above the 

 horny part of the cleft of the foot, and this has gradually reddened 

 and assumed a feverish, inflamed appearance. It may first become 

 visible either at the front or back part of the cleft, but usually the 

 erosions make their first appearance at the heel. The inflammation 

 rapidly penetrates beneath the horny tissue, while from the ulcerous 



