QUESTIONS 239 



with dead cultures has evidently a valuable protective influence; the 

 antiserum has not been very successful as a curative agency in cases 

 of plague after they are sufficiently well developed for a diagnosis. 



QUESTIONS. 



1. What is a hemorrhagic septicemia? What are its most characteristic 

 pathologic changes or lesions? 



2. What kind of bacteria do occasionally; what kind generally lead to hemor- 

 rhagic septicemia? 



3. Give the common features of the bacteria of the group of Bacillus pluri- 

 septicus (bipolaris). 



4. Does the anthrax bacillus belong to this group? If not, why not? 



5. What animal diseases are due to bacilli of the hemorrhagic septicemia 

 group? What have they been called by the French writers? What is meant 

 by the term Paste urella? 



6. Why are these organisms known as the Bacillus bipolaris septicus? 



7. What was Pasteur's work in connection with the disease known as chicken 

 cholera? 



8. Describe the pathologic lesions of this disease. 



9. In what part of the intestines are the changes most pronounced? 



10. Describe the morphology and cultural properties of the Bacillus (bipolaris) 

 avisepticus. 



11. How can its virulency be increased; how can the organism be attenuated? 



12. What animals are susceptible to the organisms? 



13. What steps are necessary in establishing beyond doubt the diagnosis of 

 fowl cholera? 



14. Discuss the resistance of the Bacillus avisepticus and the effective methods 

 of disinfecting infected hen houses. 



15. How can active and passive immunity against fowl cholera be procured? 



16. Does the fowl cholera bacillus form a soluble toxin? 



17. Where does hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle occur? 



18. Describe its pathologic lesions. What are the characteristics of the 

 spleen in hemorrhagic septicemia and in anthrax? 



19. Describe the morphologic and cultural properties of the Bacillus (bipolaris) 

 bovisepticus. 



20. Is the cornstalk disease of cattle due to this bacillus? 



21. What is the cause of septic pleuropneumonia of calves? 



22. WTiat is the cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in sheep? 



23. Why has there been a considerable confusion in the past as to the etiology 

 and pathology of hemorrhagic septicemia of swine? 



24. Give the other names for this disease. 



25. What organism is the cause of swine plague? 



26. Describe the most prominent pathologic lesions in a very acute case of 

 swine plague. 



27. What is the meaning of the terms petechia? and ecchymoses? 



28. What are the most prominent pathologic lesions in chronic swine plague? 



29. Describe the Bacillus (bipolaris) suisepticus. Where is it found in acute, 

 where in chronic cases? 



30. What is the vacuole bacillus of Bang? What the Bacillus parvus ovatus 

 of Loeffler? 



31. Describe the cultural properties of the swine plague bacillus. What 

 animals are susceptible to it? 



32. Discuss the resistance of the organism. 



33. What is a polyvalent immune or antitoxic serum? 



34. How is the polyvalent antiswine plague serum of Ostertag-Wassermann 

 prepared ? 



35. Under what other names is the equine disease pink-eye known? 



36. What organism according to Ligmere causes this disease? 



37. Describe the most prominent lesions of an acute case of equine influenza. 



38. What are the principal lesions in the pectoral form of the disease? 



39. Describe the morphology and cultural properties of the Bacillus equi- 

 septicus of Ligniere. 



