ANTI-ANTHRAX SERUM 251 



Vaccine No. 1 (the more attenuated, weaker vaccine) is a bouillon 

 culture of anthrax bacilli grown in successive generations in the 

 incubator at a temperature of 42 C. for twenty-four days. 



Vaccine No. 2 (the stronger, less attenuated vaccine) is a bouillon 

 culture of the anthrax bacillus grown in the incubator at the same 

 temperature (42 C.), but only for twelve to fourteen days. 



Vaccine No. 1, in small, proper doses, should kill mice, but not 

 guinea-pigs or rabbits. Vaccine No. 2 in the same doses should kill 

 mice and guinea-pigs, but not rabbits. Non-attenuated cultures in the 

 same doses kill mice, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. 



To protect domestic animals against a subsequent anthrax infection 

 they are first inoculated with the weaker vaccine, No. 1, and after an 

 interval of twelve to fourteen days with the stronger vaccine, No. 2. 

 The dose of both No. 1 and No. 2 is f c.c. for horses, mules, and cattle, 

 and -j- c.c. for sheep and goats. The vaccines are injected sub- 

 cutaneously, behind the shoulder in cattle, inside the thigh in sheep 

 and goats, and on the side of the neck in horses. It is best to inject 

 No. 1 on one side and No. 2 on the other side. 



Vaccination of a large number of animals is attended with some loss. 

 Even with every precaution, and with carefully prepared vaccines used 

 properly, the losses are about one animal in several hundred. With 

 improperly prepared, insufficiently attenuated cultures heavy losses 

 have occurred. Every fatal case may become the source of spreading 

 a virulent infection. The dispenser and user of the anthrax vaccine 

 must remember that cadavers of animals dead of anthrax vaccination 

 must be disposed of in the same manner as the cadavers of animals 

 dead of the natural infection and that barns and environments must 

 be carefully disinfected. 



According to the statistics compiled by Hutyra, the following 

 vaccinations according to Pasteur's method were made in 1889-1890 

 in Hungary, with the following results: 



Head of horses vaccinated 39,506 



Percentage dead of anthrax between first and second vaccination . 0.1 

 Percentage dead of anthrax during first year after second vaccina- 

 tion 0.09 



Head of cattle vaccinated . . ;- 718,266 



Percentage dead of anthrax between first and second vaccination . 0.02 

 Percentage dead of anthrax during first year after second vacci- 

 nation 0.02 



Head of sheep vaccinated . 1,247,231 



Percentage dead of anthrax between first and second vaccination . . 26 

 Percentage dead of anthrax during first year after second vacci- 

 nation 0.33 



Anti-anthrax Serum. That the serum of animals actively immunized 

 against anthrax possesses specific immune bodies has been shown by 

 Sclavo, Marchoux, and Sobernheim. These investigators have pre- 

 pared an antiserum which they have used for prophylactic and thera- 

 peutic purposes. The antiserum is prepared by hyperimmunizing 



