BACILLUS TYPHI MURIUM 293 



cause of diarrhea in calves, while Nocard, who studied an epidemic 

 of white scours among calves in Ireland, attributed it to a bacillus of 

 the hemorrhagic septicemia group. 



MALIGNANT CATARRH OF CATTLE. 



This disease, also known as rhinitis gangrsenosa, "Bosartige Kopf- 

 krankheit (German), mal de tete de contagion (French), is an acute, 

 non-contagious disease of cattle and buffaloes, involving particularly 

 the mucous membranes of the head in which pseudomembranes and 

 ulcerations accompanied by profound nervous disturbances are 

 produced. The disease has been described in most countries of 

 Europe and in South Africa in cattle, and in India and Java in water 

 buffaloes or carabaos. Leclainche, in 1898, reported a bacterium with 

 the characters of the colon bacillus as the cause of the disease; in 

 experimental work the organism proved to be pathogenic for cattle, 

 rabbits, and guinea-pigs. The French investigator found these 

 virulent bacilli in the intestines and mesenteric glands, and sometimes 

 also on the nasal mucous membrane, the papillae of the tongue, and 

 the sublingual glands. The bacillus isolated by Leclainche evidently 

 forms a very toxic substance in bouillon cultures, and if 2 c.c. of such 

 a growth is injected into young cattle, profound but transitory nervous 

 symptoms, such as restlessness, trembling, elevation of temperature, 

 colicky pains, running from the nose, and watering of the eyes are 

 produced. Leclainche's investigations have not yet been confirmed 

 by others. 



BACTERIUM PHLE6MASIA UBERIS. 



This name was given by Kitt to a bacillus which he isolated in 

 1886 from cases of inflammation of the udder in cows (parenchymatous 

 mastitis). It is now known that the bacterium of Kitt is identical 

 with the colon bacillus. 



BACILLUS TYPHI MURIUM. 



This organism, also known as the bacillus of mouse typhoid, first 

 isolated from the blood of mice by Loeffler, is a member of the colon 

 group. It grows in the presence or absence of oxygen, stains well 

 with the watery anilin stains, but not by Gram's method; it does not 

 liquefy gelatin, and forms acid in milk without coagulating the medium. 

 The organism is not pathogenic to the ordinary domestic animals, 

 either mammals or birds. It kills mice, however, in from eight to 

 ten days when introduced into their intestinal canal; when injected 

 subcutaneously it kills them in one or two days. The bacillus has 

 been used a number of times to rid large areas of mice; the most 

 successful attempt of this kind was made by Loeffler in Greece, where 

 he succeeded in ridding the country of a pest of field mice. 



