QUESTIONS 297 



37. Describe its cultural properties. 



38. How does it generally grow on potatoes? 



39. How does it act toward milk; toward different sugars in solution in the 

 culture media? 



40. What kind of immune bodies (antibodies) are formed in typhoid infection 

 in man and animals? 



41. What is the Gruber-Widal serum test for typhoid fever? 



42. What apparatus, cultures, reagents are necessary to make the test? 



43. What kind of a culture is to be used; how is the blood to be obtained and 

 treated? 



44. Describe in detail the steps to make the test. What is the outcome in a 

 positive, and what in a negative test? 



45. Discuss the advantages and the shortcomings of the test. 



46. What is meant by the term permanent typhoid bacilli carrier? (The German 

 word for this is "Dauerausscheider.") 



47. Why should the veterinary student become familiar with the technique 

 of the Gruber-Widal test in typhoid? 



48. Give the other names in use for the colon bacillus. 



49. Where is this bacillus found in connection with animal life? Where is it 

 found in the outside world? 



50. Is its presence always indicative of contamination with feces, manure, or 

 sewage? What are the views held by different authors on this point? 



51. Under what conditions may the colon bacillus become pathogenic? 



52. Describe the morphology of the bacillus. 



53. Describe its growth in gelatin, in milk, in bouillon, and on potatoes. 



54. What effect has it on various sugars, such as maltose, glucose, lactose? 



55. What are its characteristics as to gas and indol production? 



56. Give the differences in the cultural properties of the colon, the hog cholera, 

 and the typhoid bacillus. 



57. What are the other names under which white scours in calves is known? 



58. What is probably the cause of this disease? 



59. Describe the pathologic lesions in (a) a very rapid case; (6) a less rapid 



60. What other bacteria may be the cause of diarrhea in calves? 



61. What is malignant catarrh in cattle? What is the organism that Leclainche 

 claims is its cause? 



62. What is psittacosis? 



63. What microorganism causes it? 



64. Is man susceptible to this disease? . 



65. Describe the Bacillus typhi murium. What is Danysz's bacillus? 



66. What are the principal symptoms and the chief pathologic lesions of 

 white diarrhea in chicks? 



67. What, according to Rettger and Harvey, is the cause of the disease? 



68. Describe the morphology of the Bacterium pullorum. 



69. How can it best be obtained from animals dead from the disease? 



70. Describe its cultural properties. 



71. What effect has the Bacterium pullorum when fed to or inoculated into 

 very young chicks? 



72. What is the relation of Coccidium tenellum to white diarrhea of chicks? 



