306 GLANDERS BACILLUS 



bronchial glands become studded with such nodules and later with 

 abscesses. In the skin the glanders abscesses, before leading to 

 external ulceration, contain a thin, greasy, yellowish or yellowish-red 

 pus, occasionally mixed with a necrotic cell detritus. 



Indurations. The glanders indurations are frequently found in the 

 nose, where they present themselves in two types. In the one there is 

 a cicatricial formation, following an ulcerative process which has 

 come more or less to a standstill; in the other in which the glanders 

 virus may not have been of a very virulent type from the beginning, 

 and may not have led to ulceration, there is instead little necrosis 

 and much connective-tissue proliferation, with the formation of 

 fibrous connective tissue. Bands and ridges, stellate and radiating 

 masses, projecting slightly over the surface of the surrounding more 

 healthy mucosa are formed, either secondarily after ulceration or 

 primarily. Sometimes the masses, instead of being rather firm, have 

 a softer character, and the purplish color of young granulation tissue. 



Infiltrations. The glanders infiltrations are found particularly in 

 the lungs in the pulmonary type of the disease. In the horse this 

 type assumes first the character of a bronchopneumonia. Small 

 areas of consolidation with nodule formation appear. These areas 

 are of an elastic consistency and a gelatinous yellowish color, some- 

 times mixed with red or light brown. As they increase in age these 

 areas spread and become confluent, forming larger sarcoma-like 

 masses, which when incised are either homogeneous and grayish red 

 or white in color, or they may be honeycombed with smaller or larger 

 abscess cavities, filled with pus and a cheesy or moist chalk-like gran- 

 ular material. Associated with this condition in the lungs is an 

 enlargement and hyperplastic inflammation and purulent cavity 

 formation in the thoracic lymph glands. A diffuse, gelatinous 

 infiltration is formed in the lymph channels. Such infiltrations of 

 a gelatinous character are also frequently found in the lymph channels 

 of the skin in skin glanders. 



Pulmonary Glanders. Pulmonary glanders in the horse, as already 

 stated, generally first assumes the type of a lobular or broncho- 

 pneumonia, no matter what the sequel may be. In the cat tribe it 

 generally begins with the consolidation of an entire or of several 

 lobes, and has anatomically the character of a lobar, fibrinous, or 

 croupous pneumonia. According to McFadyean the lungs always 

 sooner or later become involved in glanders, wherever the original 

 portal of entrance may have been. 



Microscopic Changes. These vary somewhat in the acute and 

 chronic type. In the acute type a central area of marked necrosis 

 with cell degeneration and nuclear fragmentation is generally found. 

 Around the necrotic area many polynuclear leukocytes are seen; many 

 of them are themselves degenerated, others intact. The vessels in 

 the inflamed but not yet necrotic area are greatly congested. In the 

 pulmonary cases in the horse, multinuclear giant cells are frequently 



