312 GLANDERS BACILLUS 



containing 250 c.c. glycerin bouillon. After one month's incubation 

 at 35 C. these cultures are sterilized in the autoclave under atmos- 

 pheric pressure at 100 to 115 C. They are then evaporated down 

 on a water bath to one-tenth of their original volume and filtered 

 through a particular filter paper. The concentrated end-product 

 of these procedures is known as the raw mallein, or "mallein brute." 

 It is a dark brown, syrupy fluid containing 50 per cent, glycerin, and 

 it can be kept in corked bottles. Before use this concentrated mallein 

 must be diluted with a one-half per cent, watery solution of carbolic 

 acid. The dose of the dilute mallein for a horse is 2.5 c.c. The 

 injection is made either in front on the thorax or on one side of the 

 neck under aseptic precautions and with a sterile syringe. It is best 

 to shave closely the place where the injection is made. Before making 

 the mallein test the temperature of the animal should be taken three 

 times a day, morning, noon, and evening, for two days. Horses with 

 fever do not give accurate results with the mallein test. After the 

 injection is made the animal should be kept quiet in a well-protected 

 stable, with fairly even temperature; it should not be overfed nor per- 

 mitted to drink large amounts of cold water. From six to sixteen hours 

 after the injection the temperature is to be taken every hour, and from 

 then to the thirty-sixth hour to the forty-second hour every two hours, 

 with the exception of a night's omission, for about eight hours. These 

 strict rules cannot always be observed, but the temperatures should be 

 taken at least as follows : Three times before the injection; then every 

 two hours for six to twenty hours after the injection. It is well to give 

 the injection very late at night, so that the taking of the temperature 

 may be begun every two hours very early the next morning. 



Effect of the Mallein Test upon a Horse not Having Glanders. 

 The temperature frequently rises after a few hours, but rarely reaches 

 40 C., and goes down to normal a few hours afterward. Locally 

 there may be very little reaction, or there may be a slight painless 

 edema, which disappears within twenty-four hours after the injection. 



Effect of the Mallein Test upon a Horse Affected with Glanders. 

 The temperature begins to rise six to eight hours after the injection; 

 the curve then rises rapidly during the next six to eight hours, and 

 reaches its maximum with 40 to 42 C. This maximum is kept 

 with some slight variations for another eight hours, and then the 

 temperature gradually sinks. Some elevation of temperature generally 

 remains twenty-four hours after the injection. On the second day 

 a similar rise of temperature occurs; as a rule it is not as intense as 

 on the first day, but occasionally it is more so. The rise in temperature 

 sometimes appears soon after the injection (1 hour); sometimes it is 

 considerably delayed (twenty-two hours). The local reaction at the 

 site of the injection is very characteristic. It makes its appearance 

 in six to eight hours and consists in a very painful, well circumscribed, 

 rather firm, doughy hot swelling about four to six inches in diameter. 

 Later the boundaries of the swelling become more diffuse and less 



