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agency in the campaign to stamp out glanders and to protect healthy 

 animals against the danger of infection from sick ones. If all the 

 horses of a stable, company, or landowner are at intervals subjected 

 to the mallein test, immediately upon acquisition and a few times 

 thereafter at periods of six to twelve months, glanders can be entirely 

 suppressed and kept out. Before the general use of the mallein test 

 this was impossible, because the disease often takes a very chronic 

 and latent course, and a number of animals may be infected from a 

 single sick one before the disease can be safely detected by manifest 

 clinical symptoms. Since the glanders bacillus is a strict parasite 

 and cannot exist for any great period external to the body of sus- 

 ceptible beings, the stamping out of the disease by united, systematic 

 and rational efforts, should be accomplished within a short time. 

 Whether mallein used in repeated, increasing doses, as recommended 

 by Babes, Pilavios, MacFadyean, has really a curative effect in 

 glanders is a question which has not yet been settled definitely, though 

 Nocard and others have reported a number of such cases in which a 

 cure evidently followed the systematic use of mallein. 



PSEUDOGLANDERS. 



Several other infections in horses not only clinically, strongly 

 simulate glanders, but the causative microorga'nisms are pathogenic 

 to guinea-pigs and act very much like the glanders bacillus, so that 

 an erroneous diagnosis is easily possible unless the mallein test is 

 employed. One of these diseases in horses is known as lymphangitis 

 ulcer osa (pseudofarcinosa). This disease, comparatively common in 

 France, has been studied extensively by Nocard, who, in 1892, dis- 

 covered as its specific cause a bacillus now known under the name 

 of Bacillus lymphangitidis ulcerosa. Clinically the disease is char- 

 acterized by cutaneous abscess formation, suppurative ulcers, and 

 swelling of subcutaneous lymph glands, a picture resembling skin 

 glanders or farcy. The lesions do not remain localized in the skin or 

 in the subcutaneous connective-tissue lymph glands, but deeper glands 

 become involved, particularly those of the inguinal region, those along 

 the seminal cord, those of the perineal region, and finally the kidneys 

 themselves become the seat of abscesses. In fatal cases the lungs 

 also show metastatic abscesses. 



The bacillus of ulcerative lymphangitis in the horse is found in 

 large numbers in the pus. It is rather a plump and short rod, with 

 rounded ends, often ovoid and broader in the middle, also sometimes 

 club-shaped. It is Gram positive. It can be cultivated best in the 

 incubator at 30 to 40 C., and does not grow at room temperature. 

 In nutrient bouillon it forms, after three days, a whitish granular 

 sediment, while the supernatant fluid becomes clear. A delicate 

 pellicle is sometimes formed on the surface. The growth in glycerin 



