TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE 339 



intestinal tract is next in frequency. The mouth and tongue rarely 

 present tubercular ulcerations, while the intestines are very frequently 

 affected. The liver and the spleen are often involved, likewise the 

 organs of the genito-urinary tract, particularly the kidneys, testicles, 

 uterus, etc. While tuberculosis of the mammary gland is rare in man, 

 it is common in cattle. Tuberculosis of the udder generally begins 

 as a non-painful, not hot consolidation of the tissues of one or both 

 posterior ventricles of the udder. The area of consolidation spreads 

 slowly, involving the neighboring ventricles and finally forming 

 large (up to the size of a child's head), very hard, uneven, nodular 

 masses which push aside the non-infected parts of the udder and 

 bring about pressure atrophy in them. The tubercular process may 

 also begin from a number of individual nodules, which are at first 

 distinct but later become confluent and fuse into each other. The 

 regional lymph glands become enlarged and hardened. Sometimes 

 the lymph glands above are enlarged and a tubercular focus cannot be 

 detected in the udder, but it is, as a rule, present, though so small 

 that it does not become palpable. The lymph glands in cattle are 

 frequently infected in all forms of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the 

 bone is generally not primary but secondary in cattle. Tuberculosis 

 of the central nervous system occurs in the form of solitary tubercles 

 and also as a diffuse cerebrospinal tubercular meningitis. Acute 

 miliary tuberculosis occurs and generally kills the animal in a very 

 short time. 



Nocard and Leclainche give the following figures as to the frequency 

 of the organs involved : 



Organs found affected in tubercular male cattle 



Lungs in 70 out of 100 cases. 



Visceral pleura in 55 out of 100 cases. 



Peritoneum in 48 out of 100 cases. 



Costal pleura in 7 out of 100 cases. 



Liver in 28 out of 100 cases. 



Spleen in 19 out of 100 cases. 



Trachea in 3 out of 100 cases. 



Intestines in 1 out of 100 cases. 



Heart in 0.9 out of 100 cases. 



Kidneys in 0.7 out of 100 cases. 



Bone in 0.2 out of 100 cases. 



Larynx in 0.15 out of 100 cases. 



Brain in 0.04 out of 100 cases. 



Cord in 0.03 out of 100 cases. 



Tongue in 0.01 out of 100 cases. 

 In generalized tuberculosis the organs affected were found to be 



Lungs in 100 out of 100 cases. 



Liver in 85 out of 100 cases. 



Intestines in 75 out of 100 cases. 



Serous membranes in 57.4 out of 100 cases. 



