CHAPTER XXXiH. 



VARIOUS COCCI PATHOGENIC FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND MAN 



DIPLOCOCCUS MENINGITIDIS EQUI DIPLOCOCCUS INTRA- 



CELLULARIS DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONLE MICROCOCCUS 



CATARRHALIS PNEUMOCOCCUS OF FRIEDLANDER 



GONOCOCCUS MICROCOCCUS CAPRINUS 



MICROCOCCUS MELITENSIS. 



INFECTIOUS EQUINE CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS. 



Historical and Occurrence. Epizootic cerebrospinal meningitis 

 among horses has evidently been observed for a long time. It was 

 described in 1813, in Germany, by Woertz, as "Hitzige Kopfkrankheit" 

 (febrile disease of the head). A more extensive epizootic in Europe 

 was described by Franque' in 1824. Large (1847) and Liautard 

 first described epizootics in the United States, while more recent 

 contributions have come from Wilson and Brimhall and Streit and 

 Harrison. The disease was vepy prevalent in 1878 and 1879 in Saxony, 

 particularly in the neighborhood of Borna, and it has consequently 

 been occasionally designated as Borna disease. 



Pathologic Lesions. The anatomic changes in the disease, according 

 to Hutyra and Marek, are generally not well marked to the naked 

 eye. They consist in dilatation of the vessels of the pia-arachnoid of 

 the cerebrum and cord and the presence of a clear yellowish, not 

 purulent, exudate in the ventricles. Moore, in the examination of a 

 number of cases, found no marked lesions visible to the naked eye. 

 MacCallum and Buckley have found foci of softening in the frontal 

 areas anterior to the motor region of the cortex. It appears, however, 

 that the cases examined by McCarthy and Ravenel were not of the 

 true epidemic, but of another type. Sometimes a fibropurulent 

 exudate has been found at the base of the brain and at the medulla 

 oblongata. 



Bacteriology. A number of observers have studied the bacteriology 

 of the disease. Siedamgrotzky and Schlegel have found a coccus 

 which generally presents itself singly and more rarely as a diplococcus. 

 It is Gram positive. On gelatin plates it forms dirty, grayish-white, 

 well-defined colonies, with a denser centre; on agar, white, 

 shining, sharply defined colonies. The organism clouds bouillon. 

 Johne found a coccus which, while quite similar to the one just de- 

 scribed, varied from it in some details, and was often seen in short 

 chains and intracellularly in leukocytes. It was, therefore, much 

 like the Diplococcus intracellularis of Jaeger- Weichselbaum, which 



