382 COCCI PATHOGENIC FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND MAN 



are convex, with a darker centre. The deep colonies are biconvex, 

 with a smooth margin. According to Eyre the best culture medium 

 is litmus nutrose agar, prepared with cattle serum. The reaction on 

 this medium is not changed and the litmus preserves its bluish color. 

 In fluid serum the coccus forms a fine flocculent precipitate; the 

 supernatant fluid generally remains clear; a clouding occurs only 

 rarely. The growth on gelatin is quite slow. Liquefaction does 

 not occur. Nutrient bouillon after seventy-two hours becomes 

 uniformly cloudy, but after eight days a sediment begins to form, and 

 after four weeks the entire growth has sunk to the bottom and the 

 supernatant fluid is again clear. The growth on potatoes is very 

 ^canty. Sugars are not fermented. The organism is easily destroyed 

 by moist heat, less easily by dry heat. It can withstand drying out 

 for a considerable time, but is easily killed by direct sunlight, less 

 easily by diffuse daylight. The organism is pathogenic in artificial 

 inoculation to monkeys, rodents, equine, cattle, sheep, and goats. The 

 Mediterranean Fever Commission found the organism in the milk 

 of goats on Malta, and the blood of such animals exhibited specific 

 agglutinative power for the coccus. Goats caii be infected by feeding 

 and subcutaneous and intravenous injections, and the organism can 

 afterward be recovered in the milk. Anderson, 1905, reports an 

 outbreak of Malta fever in a crew of a vessel who had been consuming 

 milk from goats bought in Malta for importation into the United 

 States. Examination of some of the goat's milk showed infection 

 with the Micrococcus melitensis. 



QUESTIONS. 



1. Where has epidemic or infectious equine cerebrospinal meningitis been 

 observed ? 



2. What organisms have been held to be the etiologic factor in this disease? 



3. Describe the pathologic lesions of the disease. 



4. What are the views as to the relation of the Diplococcus intracellularis 

 equi and the Diplococcus intracellularis of Weichselbaum ? 



5. How can the latter be obtained in pure culture? 



6. Describe its morphology and cultural characteristics. 



7. To what organism is human pneumonia generally due? 



8. Describe its morphology and cultural properties. 



9. In what other human diseases has it been found? 



10. What is most commonly the cause of pneumonia in the horse ? 



11. Does the Diplococcus lanceolatus ever cause pneumonia in the horse? 



12. Describe the Micrococcus catarrhalis. Where found? Does it cause 

 disease ? 



13. Describe the pneumococcus of Friedlander. Is it Gram + or ? 



14. Describe the gonococcus. What animal diseases does it cause? 



15. How can it be obtained in pure cultures? 



16. What is takosis in goats? What organism causes it? 



17. What is Malta or Mediterranean fever? 



18. What organism causes it? 



19. Describe its morphologic and cultural properties. 



20. How contracted by man ? 



