388 SPIRILLA, PATHOGENIC VIBRIONES, SPIROCHETE 



It shows from six to fourteen windings or twists, and has generally a 

 very regular corkscrew shape. It is very lively motile in a manner 



FIG. 156 



FIG. 157 



Spirocheta Obermeieri blood smear. 

 Fuchsin. X 1000. (From Itzerott and 

 Niemann.) 



Spirocheta pallida in the centre, several 

 bacilli in the field. India-ink method. X 1000. 

 (Author's preparation.) 



already described as common to all spirochete. It cannot be stained 

 by the ordinary staining methods, but can be exhibited by the Giemsa 

 stain. It is necessary to make a very thin smear and to fix the air-dry 



FIG. 158 



FIG. 159 



Spirocheta pallida, part of one which shows 

 the typical spiral shape and unstained spaces 

 in the protoplasm. Smear from primary syphil- 

 itic sore stained with Goldhorn's stain. 

 X 1000. (Author's preparation.) 



Spirocheta pallida in liver of a case of 

 congenital syphilis. Levaditi's silver im- 

 pregnation method. X 1000. (Author's 

 preparation.) 



specimen for at least fifteen minutes in absolute alcohol. The ready- 

 made concentrated Giemsa stain is diluted by adding one drop of the 



